Defining Terms and Selecting Metaphors to Understand Technology in the Classroom

The words we use to describe technology in the college classroom matter and should be carefully selected and defined at the onset of any fruitful discussion of the subject. This chapter frames the discussion of technology in the classroom by defining and redefining salient terms, as well as exploring metaphors through which technology in the classroom can be more deeply understood. The constructs of phubbing, presence, interpersonal attraction, immediacy, and rapport are discussed; additionally, tool, text, system, ecology, and drug are evaluated as potentially instructive metaphors. Ultimately, this chapter aims to not only describe mobile technology and its effects in the classroom, but also to aid the reader in examining his or her own thought processes in understanding it. The presence of technology in the classroom is a complex, multifaceted, and still emergent phenomena, and warrants robust consideration on the part of each individual instructor.

Conceptual Review: Interpersonal Attraction dalam Pandangan Sosial, Perkembangan dan Kognitif

Individu bertemu untuk saling berinteraksi, adanya interaksi menjadi dasar ketertarikan pada seseorang. Interpersonal attraction biasanya didasarkan pada teori sosial, namun bagaimana para ahli dalam aliran-aliran lain memandang ketertarikan dalam aliran lain, seperti pandangan perkembangan dan kognitif memandang interpersonal attraction. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep interpersonal attraction dari reviu jurnal-jurnal penelitian sebelumnya dengan beberapa perspektif teori. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan reviu dari 12 literatur dengan rentang tahun 2010 hingga 2020 dan jurnal diperoleh dari bebrapa situs web resmi Google Scholar, Research Gate, Jstor, dan Social Science. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsep interpesonal attraction dapat diartikan dengan arah positif maupun arah negatif, pengaruh kehadiran emosi individu yang positif dapat memberikan penilaian positif terhadap orang lain, begitupun sebaliknya. Selain daripada kehadiran emosi individu, terdapat hal-hal lain seperti, atraksi, perbandingan sosial, kenyamanan, kecocokan kepribadian dan juga exposure. Perilaku kita lebih menyukai orang lain dalam interpersonal attraction dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan dan intensitas dari interaksi.

Individual Experience and Engagement in Avatar-Mediated Environments: The Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Attraction

The application of different virtual reality interventions has been recently gaining interest from researchers and practitioners. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions increased the use of these technologies to help create much value for educators and students. The relationship between individual experience and engagement in avatar-mediated environments has garnered empirical support, but still little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this relation. This study investigated the mediating role of interpersonal attraction (e.g., social, physical, and task attraction) in the link between individual experience and engagement in an avatar-mediated learning environment. A total of 112 participants (21–23 years; 73 male and 39 female) participated in online peer learning sessions in Second Life. After controlling for demographic covariates, the results showed that (1) individual experience was positively associated with students’ engagement; (2) social, physical, and task attraction was found to positively mediate the link between experience and engagement. The outcomes from this study provide valuable implications for promoting online learners’ engagement in avatar-mediated environments.

Which review can make you engage? The effect of reviewer-reader similarity on consumer brand engagement

Online reviews facilitate customer brand engagement, but few studies have explored this problem from the perspective of interpersonal attraction and its psychological mechanisms in the social commerce context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reviewer-reader similarity (including external and internal similarity) in online reviews on customer brand engagement in the social commerce context. Drawing upon the social categorization theory, a conceptual framework was developed and tested empirically. Data collected from a sample of Chinese consumers with the shopping experience on social commerce websites (N=392) was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Findings reveal that both external and internal similarities are indirectly influenced consumer brand engagement, and mediated by consumers' perceived value and congruence transferred through this process. The impact of external similarity on customer brand engagement was greater through consumers' perceived value, whereas the influence of internal similarity was stronger through consumers' self-brand congruence.

Which Review Can Make You Engage?

Online reviews facilitate customer brand engagement, but few studies have explored this problem from the perspective of interpersonal attraction and its psychological mechanisms in the social commerce context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reviewer-reader similarity (including external and internal similarity) in online reviews on customer brand engagement in the social commerce context. Drawing upon the social categorization theory, a conceptual framework was developed and tested empirically. Data collected from a sample of Chinese consumers with the shopping experience on social commerce websites (N=392) was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Findings reveal that both external and internal similarities are indirectly influenced consumer brand engagement, and mediated by consumers' perceived value and congruence transferred through this process. The impact of external similarity on customer brand engagement was greater through consumers' perceived value, whereas the influence of internal similarity was stronger through consumers' self-brand congruence.

The Interpersonal Consequences of Moral Grandstanding

Moral grandstanding refers to the use of moral talk to gain status. Although moral grandstanding has a negative impact on general discourse, little is known about its interpersonal consequences; in other words, how are grandstanders perceived by others? In three studies (N = 525), we examined how prestige and dominance-based moral grandstanding is associated with a range of interpersonal outcomes (Study 1 and 2: social status, morality, attraction; Study 3: engagement and morality), and how these effects are moderated by perceptions of hypocrisy (Study 2) and shared attitudes (Study 3). Results from these studies indicate that prestige-based moral grandstanding was associated with more positive perceptions of status, morality, and interpersonal attraction compared to dominance-based moral grandstanding.

Influencers on Social Media as References: Understanding the Importance of Parasocial Relationships

Audiences’ purchase intentions are vital to the success of influencers on social media. This research examined how interpersonal attraction enhances parasocial relationships (PSRs) between influencers and audiences on social media, and how such parasocial relationships, in turn, affect audiences’ continuance intention. Interpersonal attraction contains three dimensions: task attraction, social attraction, and physical attraction. The results indicated that the three dimensions of interpersonal attraction significantly affected PSRs. The results also showed that informational influence and perceived credibility strengthened the relationship between PSRs and purchase intentions. Moreover, online comments positively moderated the effect of PSRs on informational influence and perceived credibility. The implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

How anthropomorphism affects trust in intelligent personal assistants

PurposeWith the continuous improvement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) based on AI have seen unprecedented growth. The present study investigates the effect of anthropomorphism on cognitive and emotional trust and the role of interpersonal attraction in the relationship between anthropomorphism and trust.Design/methodology/approachA structural equation modeling technique with a sample of 263 consumers was used to analyze the data and test the conceptual model.FindingsThe findings illustrate that the anthropomorphism of IPAs did not directly induce trust. Anthropomorphism led users to assign greater social attraction and task attraction to IPAs, which in turn reinforced cognitive or emotional trust in these assistants. Compared with task attraction, social attraction was more powerful in strengthening both cognitive trust and emotional trust. The present study broadens the current knowledge about interpersonal attraction and its role in AI usage by examining two types of interpersonal attraction of IPAs.Originality/valueAs trust plays an important role in the rapid development of human–computer interaction, it is imperative to understand how consumers perceive these intelligent agents and build or improve trust. Prior studies focused on the impact of anthropomorphism on overall trust in AI, and its underlying mechanism was underexplored. The findings can help marketers and designers better understand how to enhance users' trust in their anthropomorphic products, especially by increasing social interactive elements or promoting communication.