Menstrual effects on asymmetrical olfactory acuity

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOT E. PURDON ◽  
SUZANNE KLEIN ◽  
PIERRE FLOR-HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Gender specific discrepancies on psychometric examination are often interpreted to reflect static differences in cerebral hemisphere specialization, but dynamic alterations relating to circulating gonadal hormones may also be relevant after puberty. The often cited inference of a right hemisphere advantage in males and left hemisphere advantage in females derived from small but reliable differences on spatial tasks and verbal tasks, for example, may to some extent relate to gender-specific differences in circulating gonadal hormones. Performance fluctuations on other higher order cognitive tasks through the menstrual cycle tend to support a temporal association between alterations in cerebral laterality and hormone fluctuations. A potential left hemisphere advantage after menstruation when estrogen and progesterone levels are high in contrast to a right hemisphere advantage at menstruation when estrogen and progesterone levels are low has also received support from shifts in visual field perception. The present investigation continues this line of work by measurement of prospective changes in unirhinal olfactory acuity in the menstrual, ovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle in 11 healthy women who agreed to blood assays of estradiol and progesterone prior to completing a modified version of the Connecticut Chemosensory Perception Exam (CCPE). The CCPE detection of n-butanol showed a clear pattern of changes over the menstrual cycle marked by an asymmetry favoring the right nostril during menstruation when estradiol and progesterone levels were low, an asymmetry favoring the left nostril during ovulation when estradiol levels were high and progresterone levels were low, and an absence of asymmetry during the midluteal phase when estradiol levels decreased and progesterone levels increased. Preliminary correlation analyses revealed a potential competitive influence of estradiol and progesterone on this apparent shift in cerebral laterality. There is thus sufficient evidence to conclude that dynamic changes in relative cerebral hemisphere advantages have a temporal relation to fluctuations in circulating gonadal hormones and to suggest the value of additional investigation of more specific causal relations. (JINS, 2001, 7, 703–709.)

scholarly journals Cerebral Lateralization of the EEG During Perceptual-Motor Integration in Young Adults With Down Syndrome: A Descriptive Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chia Chen ◽  
Shannon D. R. Ringenbach ◽  
Arielle Biwer ◽  
Abbie Riekena
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Cerebral Processing

Background: This study was aimed at investigating cerebral laterality of perceptual-motor integration in persons with DS. Method: Fourteen persons with DS between the ages of 12-39 drummed with their dominant hand (e.g., right hand) following verbal (i.e., drumming to a voice saying "drum"), rhythm (i.e., drumming to the sound of a drum being hit) and melody (i.e., drumming to the loudest beat) instructions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data at T3 (left hemisphere) and T4 (right hemisphere) was collected and computed as cerebral specialization coefficients during drumming performance. Results: It seems like that our results were consistent with the model of atypical hemisphere processing of verbal information in the right hemisphere in persons with DS, which is opposite to the typical population (Elliott et al., 1987). In addition, the results showed that melody instructions were right hemisphere specialized and rhythm instruction was left hemisphere specialized in persons with DS. Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically examine verbal, rhythm and melody processing in persons with DS. Rhythm and melody are two main components of music. Therefore, these results are promising for understanding mechanisms underlying cerebral processing as well as music therapy for persons with DS.

scholarly journals Story reading with incidental comprehension and memory: left hemisphere dominance

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 963-973
Author(s):  
Nora Silvana Vigliecca
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Uncued Condition ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Unilateral Brain

ABSTRACT Background: There are no studies on adults with unilateral brain lesions regarding story reading with incidental/implicit comprehension and memory, in which memory is only assessed through delayed recall. There is a need for validation of cerebral laterality in this type of verbal recall, which includes spontaneous performance (free or uncued condition (UC)), and induced-through-question performance regarding the forgotten units (cued condition (CC)). Objectives: To explore the effects of unilateral brain lesions, of oral reading with expression (RE) and comprehension (RC) on delayed recall of a story, as either UC or CC; and to validate the ability of UC and CC to discriminate the side of brain injury. Methods: Data were obtained from 200 right-handed volunteers, among whom 42 had left-hemisphere injury (LHI), 49 had right-hemisphere injury (RHI) and 109 were demographically-matched healthy participants (HP). Patients who were unable to read, understand or speak were excluded. Results: LHI individuals presented impairment of both UC and CC, in relation to the other two groups (non-LHI) with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. LHI and RHI individuals were not significantly different in RE and RC, but they were both different from HP in all the assessments except CC, in which RHI individuals resembled HP. Despite this lack of abnormality in RHI individuals during CC, about half of this group showed impairment in UC. Additionally, whereas RE had a significant effect on UC, the moral of the story (RC) had a significant effect on both UC and CC. Conclusions: The left hemisphere was dominant for this memory task involving implicit processing.

Hemispheric Mechanisms Controlling Voluntary and Spontaneous Facial Expressions

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Gazzaniga ◽  
Charlotte S. Smylie
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Optical Disc ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hemispheric Mechanisms

The capacity of each disconnected cerebral hemisphere to control a variety of facial postures was examined in three split-brain patients. The dynamics of facial posturing were analyzed in 30-msec optical disc frames that were generated off videotape recordings of each patient's response to lateralized stimuli. The results revealed that commands presented to the left hemisphere effecting postures of the lower facial muscles showed a marked asymmetry, with the right side of the face sometimes responding up to 180 msec before the left side of the face. Commands presented to the right hemisphere elicited a response only if the posture involved moving the upper facial muscles. Spontaneous postures filmed during free conversation were symmetrical. The results suggest that while either hemisphere can generate spontaneous facial expressions only the left hemisphere is efficient at generating voluntaly expressions. This contrasts sharply with the fact that both hemispheres can carry out a wide variety of other voluntary movements with the hand and foot.

Left-Cerebral Hemisphere Superiority in Tachistoscopic Word-Recognition Performances

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. McKeever ◽  
Maurice D. Huling
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Under conditions of monocular unihemispheric projection of word stimuli to the brain, 10 normal Ss uniformly showed superior word recognition ability of the left, as opposed to the right, cerebral hemisphere. Left-hemisphere recognitions were significantly more frequent than right-hemisphere recognitions for both eyes, but the extent of left-hemisphere superiority was significantly greater for the left eye. The results support the hypothesis that words projected to the right hemisphere traverse a less efficient route to the language centers of the left hemisphere.

scholarly journals Cerebral Lateralization of the EEG During Perceptual-Motor Integration in Young Adults With Down Syndrome: A Descriptive Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chia Chen ◽  
Shannon D. R. Ringenbach ◽  
Arielle Biwer ◽  
Abbie Riekena
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Cerebral Lateralization ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Cerebral Processing

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Background: This study was aimed at investigating cerebral laterality of perceptual-motor integration in persons with DS. Method: Fourteen persons with DS between the ages of 12-39 drummed with their dominant hand (e.g., right hand) following verbal (i.e., drumming to a voice saying "drum"), rhythm (i.e., drumming to the sound of a drum being hit) and melody (i.e., drumming to the loudest beat) instructions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data at T3 (left hemisphere) and T4 (right hemisphere) was collected and computed as cerebral specialization coefficients during drumming performance. Results: It seems like that our results were consistent with the model of atypical hemisphere processing of verbal information in the right hemisphere in persons with DS, which is opposite to the typical population (Elliott et al., 1987). In addition, the results showed that melody instructions were right hemisphere specialized and rhythm instruction was left hemisphere specialized in persons with DS. Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically examine verbal, rhythm and melody processing in persons with DS. Rhythm and melody are two main components of music. Therefore, these results are promising for understanding mechanisms underlying cerebral processing as well as music therapy for persons with DS.</span></p>

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Dual Intentional Agency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
Intentional Agency ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Right

This chapter defends the 2-agents claim, according to which the two hemispheres of a split-brain subject are associated with distinct intentional agents. The empirical basis of this claim is that, while both hemispheres are the source or site of intentions, the capacity to integrate them in practical reasoning no longer operates interhemispherically after split-brain surgery. As a result, the right hemisphere-associated agent, R, and the left hemisphere-associated agent, L, enjoy intentional autonomy from each other. Although the positive case for the 2-agents claim is grounded mainly in experimental findings, the claim is not contradicted by what we know of split-brain subjects’ ordinary behavior, that is, the way they act outside of experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Measuring Dysgraphia: A Graded-Difficulty Spelling Test

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Baxter ◽  
E. K. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Lower Quartile ◽  
Verbal Skills ◽  
Spelling Test ◽  
Spelling Disorder ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Orthopaedic Injuries

In this paper we describe the construction of a graded-difficulty spelling test for adults consisting of two alternative forms each containing 30 words (GDST, Forms A and B). The spelling test, together with background tests of verbal and non-verbal skills, was administered to 100 control patients with orthopaedic injuries. The two forms of the spelling test were highly correlated (0.92). Spelling was highly correlated with reading (0.75, 0.77) and moderately correlated with vocabulary (0.57) and naming (0.39, 0.40). There was no correlation between spelling skills and non-verbal reasoning. The test was validated in a group of 26 patients with left hemisphere and 20 patients with right hemisphere lesions. Spelling was shown to be lateralized to the left hemisphere and there appeared to be a shift in scores of the left hemisphere group towards the lower quartile, with 65% of the left hemisphere group falling within this band. The most severe spelling impairments were invariably associated with other language disorders but a number of dissociations were documented at spelling levels falling between the 5th and 25th percentile band. Two patients with left hemisphere lesions (8%) were identified as having selective dysgraphias. The lack of overlap between the anatomical sites of the two patients with specific lexical dysgraphia argues against a single site for this type of dysgraphia and argues for further refinement of this classification of spelling disorder.

Altered Serotonergic Activity in Women with Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Halbreich ◽  
Henry Tworek
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Library Search ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Objective: Dysphoric Premenstrual Syndromes (PMS) are quite prevalent and in some women they are severe enough to warrant treatment. Their pathophysiology is still unknown, despite increased interest and research. Here we review the possible role of serotonin in the multidimensional interactive pathophysiology of PMS. Method: Over 170 articles are reviewed. An extensive library search has been conducted and articles are included because of their relevance to: 1) the phenomenology of PMS; 2) the putative association of serotonergic (5-HT) activity with syndromes that occur premenstrually; 3) changes in 5-HT activity along the menstrual cycle, especially the late luteal phase; 4) influence of gonadal hormones on serotonergic functions; 5) endocrine strategies for assessment of 5-HT abnormalities; and 6) treatment studies of PMS with serotonergic agonists. Results and Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that post-synaptic serotonergic responsivity might be altered during the late-luteal-premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. Some serotonergic functions of women with PMS might be altered during the entire cycle and be associated with a vulnerability trait. It is hypothesized that gonadal hormones might cause changes in levels of activity of 5-HT systems as part of a multidimensional interactive system. Strategies to evaluate 5-HT activities in the context of the menstrual cycle are discussed—leading to the conclusion that the most promising approach is active stimulation with specific post-synaptic serotonin agonists. Treatment outcome studies of some imperfect compounds that are currently applied as a symptomatic treatment of PMS support the notion that 5-HT is involved in the pathophysiology of these syndromes.

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