scholarly journals Illness Perceptions Predict Cognitive Performance Validity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Henry ◽  
Robert L. Heilbronner ◽  
Julie Suhr ◽  
Jeffrey Gornbein ◽  
Eveleigh Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Forensic Sample

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychological variables to cognitive performance validity test (PVT) results in mixed forensic and nonforensic clinical samples.Methods:Participants included 183 adults who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological examination. Criterion groups were formed, that is, Credible Group or Noncredible Group, based upon their performance on the Word Memory Test and other stand-alone and embedded PVT measures.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three significant predictors of cognitive performance validity. These included two psychological constructs, for example, Cogniphobia (perception that cognitive effort will exacerbate neurological symptoms), and Symptom Identity (perception that current symptoms are the result of illness or injury), and one contextual factor (forensic). While there was no interaction between these factors, elevated scores were most often observed in the forensic sample, suggesting that these independently contributing intrinsic psychological factors are more likely to occur in a forensic environment.Conclusions:Illness perceptions were significant predictors of cognitive performance validity particularly when they reached very elevated levels. Extreme elevations were more common among participants in the forensic sample, and potential reasons for this pattern are explored. (JINS, 2018,24, 1–11)

Different patterns of cerebral activation in genuine and malingered cognitive effort during performance on the Word Memory Test

Brain Injury ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Larsen ◽  
Mark D. Allen ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker ◽  
Ramona O. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory

scholarly journals Performance Validity Testing in Justice-Involved Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Mullally ◽  
Kaitlyn McLachlan ◽  
Emily MacKillop ◽  
Jacqueline Pei
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

AbstractObjectives:A number of commonly used performance validity tests (PVTs) may be prone to high failure rates when used for individuals with severe neurocognitive deficits. This study investigated the validity of 10 PVT scores in justice-involved adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a neurodevelopmental disability stemming from prenatal alcohol exposure and linked with severe neurocognitive deficits.Method:The sample comprised 80 justice-involved adults (ages 19–40) including 25 with confirmed or possible FASD and 55 where FASD was ruled out. Ten PVT scores were calculated, derived from Word Memory Test, Genuine Memory Impairment Profile, Advanced Clinical Solutions (Word Choice), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (Reliable Digit Span and age-corrected scaled scores (ACSS) from Digit Span, Coding, Symbol Search, Coding – Symbol Search, Vocabulary – Digit Span), and the Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition (Logical Memory II Recognition).Results:Participants with diagnosed/possible FASD were more likely to fail any single PVT, and failed a greater number of PVTs overall, compared to those without FASD. They were also more likely to fail based on Word Memory Test, Digit Span ACSS, Coding ACSS, Symbol Search ACSS, and Logical Memory II Recognition, compared to controls (35–76%). Across both groups, substantially more participants with IQ <70 failed two or more PVTs (90%), compared to those with an IQ ≥70 (44%).Conclusions:Results highlight the need for additional research examining the use of PVTs in justice-involved populations with FASD.

scholarly journals Patterns of Cognitive Test Scores and Symptom Complaints in Persons with TBI Who Failed Performance Validity Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 932-938
Author(s):  
Mark Sherer ◽  
Angelle M. Sander ◽  
Jennie Ponsford ◽  
Leia Vos ◽  
Julia M.P. Poritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

AbstractObjective:To determine clinically meaningful subgroups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have failed performance validity testing.Method:Study participants were selected from a cohort of 674 participants with definitive medical evidence of TBI. Participants were those who failed performance validity testing (the Word Memory Test, using the standard cutoffs). Participants were administered cognitive tests and self-report questionnaires. Test and questionnaire results were summarized as 12 dimension scores. Cluster analysis using the k-means method was performed.Results:Cluster analysis for the 143 retained participants indicated three subgroups. These subgroups differed on patterns of scores. Subgroup 1 was impaired for memory and had no excessive complaints. Subgroup 2 had impaired memory and processing speed as well as concern regarding cognition function. Subgroup 3 showed impairment on all cognitive tests and excess complaints in multiple areas.Conclusions:These results provide a preliminary basis for improved understanding of poor performance validity.

Validation of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test (WCT) in a Mixed Clinical Sample: Establishing Classification Accuracy, Sensitivity/Specificity, and Cutoff Scores

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1320-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Bain ◽  
Jason R. Soble
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

This study examined the Word Choice Test’s (WCT) utility as a performance validity test in a mixed clinical sample of veterans referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Participants completed Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT), WCT, and Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Trial 1. Using the WMT as the criterion for valid performance, logistic regressions examined the WCT and TOMM’s classification accuracy for those with and without cognitive impairment (CI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish cut scores which maximized the sensitivity/specificity of each measure. In those without CI, both tests showed good classification accuracy (86.7% and 85.0%, respectively). Among those with CI, the TOMM retained good classification accuracy (82.3%), while the WCT’s decreased considerably (69.4%). Optimal WCT cut scores differed based on impairment status, with a higher sensitivity/specificity trade-off among those with CI. Successful performance on the WCT appeared to rely more heavily on cognitive processes unrelated to performance validity.

Functional neuroimaging evidence for high cognitive effort on the Word Memory Test in the absence of external incentives

Brain Injury ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1425-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Allen ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
James Larsen ◽  
Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker ◽  
Ramona O. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
External Incentives

Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Merten ◽  
Matthias Henry ◽  
Robin Hilsabeck
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

Inconsistent responding on the MMPI-2-RF and uncooperative attitude: Evidence from cognitive performance validity measures.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Gervais ◽  
Anthony M. Tarescavage ◽  
Manfred F. Greiffenstein ◽  
Dustin B. Wygant ◽  
Cheryl Deslauriers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Performance Validity Measures ◽  
Inconsistent Responding
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