scholarly journals Patterns of Cognitive Test Scores and Symptom Complaints in Persons with TBI Who Failed Performance Validity Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 932-938
Author(s):  
Mark Sherer ◽  
Angelle M. Sander ◽  
Jennie Ponsford ◽  
Leia Vos ◽  
Julia M.P. Poritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

AbstractObjective:To determine clinically meaningful subgroups of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have failed performance validity testing.Method:Study participants were selected from a cohort of 674 participants with definitive medical evidence of TBI. Participants were those who failed performance validity testing (the Word Memory Test, using the standard cutoffs). Participants were administered cognitive tests and self-report questionnaires. Test and questionnaire results were summarized as 12 dimension scores. Cluster analysis using the k-means method was performed.Results:Cluster analysis for the 143 retained participants indicated three subgroups. These subgroups differed on patterns of scores. Subgroup 1 was impaired for memory and had no excessive complaints. Subgroup 2 had impaired memory and processing speed as well as concern regarding cognition function. Subgroup 3 showed impairment on all cognitive tests and excess complaints in multiple areas.Conclusions:These results provide a preliminary basis for improved understanding of poor performance validity.

A-74 Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Events Differentially Report Emotional Distress and Activities of Daily Living Completion When Controlling for Performance Validity

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-934
Author(s):  
J Grabyan ◽  
D Proto ◽  
S Tierney ◽  
R Collins ◽  
D Chen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Symptom Exaggeration ◽  
Intractable Seizures

Abstract Objective While the use of validity testing in neuropsychological assessments to assist in differentiation between epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic events (PNEE) is becoming common, validity considerations regarding symptom self-reporting is seldom examined. This study seeks to add clarity by examining performance validity tests (PVT), and self-report measures of emotional symptoms and daily functioning, in a sample of those with either ES or PNEE. Methods Patients: Consecutive Veteran patients referred to an epilepsy monitoring unit for evaluation of intractable seizures, and subsequently diagnosed with ES (32) or PNEE (75). A fixed battery of psychological (Beck Depression Inventory-II, Patient Competency Rating Scale, Quality of Life in Epilepsy) and PVT (Test of Memory Malinger, Word Memory Test) measures were administered as part of a broader neuropsychological assessment. Patients were classified by both their diagnostic, and PVT pass/fail, statuses (PNEEpass, PNEEfail, & ESpass – ESfail was too small to analyze). Results PNEE reported more severe symptoms/impairments than ES (each p < .01) when ignoring PVT results. Importantly, when PVTs were considered, PNEEfail reported worse symptoms/impairments than PNEEpass (each p < .01), and PNEEpass and ESpass did not differ on emotional distress (p = .07). Conclusions Those with PNEE who fail PVTs report worse psychological distress and functional abilities than both those who pass and those with ES. This is likely due to symptom exaggeration. Validity testing should thus be considered a crucial component of assessment of these individuals: if invalid self-reporting is not accounted for, clinicians put themselves at risk for coming to faulty conclusions while more parsimonious explanations are available.

“Must try harder.” Is effort and performance validity testing a necessary part of pediatric neuropsychological assessment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
James Tonks ◽  
Charlotte Katie Whitfield ◽  
W. Huw Williams ◽  
Alan M. Slater ◽  
Ian J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validity Testing

scholarly journals Effects of Distraction on Performance Validity: A Pilot Study with Veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1437
Author(s):  
Robert D Shura ◽  
Katherine H Taber ◽  
Patrick Armistead-Jehle ◽  
John H Denning ◽  
Jared A Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Symptom Validity Test ◽  
Performance Validity Testing ◽  
Ice Water

Abstract Objective The purpose of this experimental pilot study was to evaluate whether distraction can affect results of performance validity testing. Method Thirty-three veterans who have served in the US military since 09/11/2001 (Mage = 38.60, SD = 10.85 years) completed the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), Trail Making Test, and Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT). Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the MSVT in one of three experimental conditions: standard administration, while performing serial 2 s (Cognitive Distraction), and while submerging a hand in ice water (Physical Distraction). Results All participants included in primary analyses passed the TOMM (n = 30). Physical distraction did not affect performance on the MSVT. Cognitive distraction negatively affected MSVT performance. Conclusions Cognitive distraction can substantially affect MSVT performance in a subgroup of individuals. Physical distraction did not significantly affect MSVT performance.

scholarly journals Illness Perceptions Predict Cognitive Performance Validity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Henry ◽  
Robert L. Heilbronner ◽  
Julie Suhr ◽  
Jeffrey Gornbein ◽  
Eveleigh Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Word Memory ◽  
Forensic Sample

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychological variables to cognitive performance validity test (PVT) results in mixed forensic and nonforensic clinical samples.Methods:Participants included 183 adults who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological examination. Criterion groups were formed, that is, Credible Group or Noncredible Group, based upon their performance on the Word Memory Test and other stand-alone and embedded PVT measures.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three significant predictors of cognitive performance validity. These included two psychological constructs, for example, Cogniphobia (perception that cognitive effort will exacerbate neurological symptoms), and Symptom Identity (perception that current symptoms are the result of illness or injury), and one contextual factor (forensic). While there was no interaction between these factors, elevated scores were most often observed in the forensic sample, suggesting that these independently contributing intrinsic psychological factors are more likely to occur in a forensic environment.Conclusions:Illness perceptions were significant predictors of cognitive performance validity particularly when they reached very elevated levels. Extreme elevations were more common among participants in the forensic sample, and potential reasons for this pattern are explored. (JINS, 2018,24, 1–11)

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