Multivariate Base Rates of Low Scores on Tests of Learning and Memory Among Latino Adult Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 834-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa ◽  
Brian L. Brooks ◽  
Melissa M. Ertl ◽  
Itziar Benito-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Interaction Variables ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Given

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of low scores for two neuropsychological tests with five total scores that evaluate learning and memory functions.Method:N = 5402 healthy adults from 11 countries in Latin America and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico were administered the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R). Two-thirds of the participants were women, and the average age was 53.5 ± 20.0 years. Z-scores were calculated for ROCF Copy and Memory scores and HVLT-R Total Recall, Delayed Recall, and Recognition scores, adjusting for age, age2, sex, education, and interaction variables if significant for the given country. Each Z-score was converted to a percentile for each of the five subtest scores. Each participant was categorized based on his/her number of low scoring tests in specific percentile cutoff groups (25th, 16th, 10th, 5th, and 2nd).Results:Between 57.3% (El Salvador) and 64.6% (Bolivia) of the sample scored below the 25th percentile on at least one of the five scores. Between 27.1% (El Salvador) and 33.9% (Puerto Rico) scored below the 10th percentile on at least one of the five subtests. Between 5.9% (Chile, El Salvador, Peru) and 10.3% (Argentina) scored below the 2nd percentile on at least one of the five scores.Conclusions:Results are consistent with other studies that found that low scores are common when multiple neuropsychological outcomes are evaluated in healthy individuals. Clinicians should consider the higher probability of low scores when evaluating learning and memory using various sets of scores to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals The Brain Metabolic Correlates of the Main Indices of Neuropsychological Assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Chiaravalloti ◽  
Maria Ricci ◽  
Daniele Di Biagio ◽  
Luca Filippi ◽  
Alessandro Martorana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

Background: The study aimed to investigate the relationships between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F)FDG uptake and neuropsychological assessment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We evaluated 116 subjects with AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. All the subjects underwent a brain PET/CT with (18F)FDG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assay, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and further neuropsychological tests: Rey auditory verbal learning test, immediate recall (RAVLT immediate); Rey auditory verbal learning test, delayed recall (RAVLT, delayed); Rey complex figure test, copy (RCFT, copy); Rey complex figure test, delayed recall (RCFT, delayed); Raven’s colored progressive matrices (RCPM); phonological word fluency test (PWF) and Stroop test. We performed the statistical analysis by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM12; Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK). Results: A significant relationship has been reported between (18F)FDG uptake and RAVLT immediate test in Brodmann area (BA)37 and BA22 and with RCFT, copy in BA40, and BA7. We did not find any significant relationships with other tests. Conclusion: In the AD population, brain (18F)FDG uptake is moderately related to the neuropsychological assessment, suggesting a limited impact on statistical data analysis of glucose brain metabolism.

Regression-Based Norms for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure in a Portuguese Adult Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene G Vicente ◽  
Daniela Ramos-Usuga ◽  
Fernando Barbosa ◽  
Nuno Gaspar ◽  
Artemisa R Dores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normative Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Hopkins Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

Abstract Objective The principal goal of this study was to produce adjusted normative data for European Portuguese native speakers from Portugal on 2 neuropsychological tests widely used to assess learning and memory: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). Method The study included 300 individuals aged 18–92 years (M = 50.4, SD = 21.2), who had educational backgrounds ranging from 3 to 25 years (M = 10.4, SD = 5.2). Results Age, education, and sex were significantly associated with HVLT-R and ROCF performance. These demographic variables accounted for 61% of the variance in HVLT-R total recall, 54% in HVLT-R delayed recall, 18% in HVLT-R recognition, 55% in ROCF copy, and 39% in ROCF immediate recall. Conclusions The normative data are presented as regression-based algorithms to adjust direct and derived test scores for age, education, and sex. This study provides a calculator of normative data derived from the results of the regression models.

scholarly journals CTNI-51. NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION (NCF) OUTCOMES OF RTOG FOUNDATION 3508: A PHASE 3 TRIAL OF ABT-414 WITH CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION AND ADJUVANT TEMOZOLOMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH EGFR-AMPLIFIED NEWLY DIAGNOSED GBM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii54-ii54
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S Wefel ◽  
Minhee Won ◽  
Andrew Lassman ◽  
Yaakov Stern ◽  
Tony Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiation ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Adjuvant Temozolomide ◽  
Over Time

Abstract RTOG 3508/AbbVie M13-813/INTELLANCE-1 was a phase 3 trial of depatuximab-mafodotin (depatux-m, formerly ABT-414) that accrued 639 patients with EGFR-amplified newly diagnosed GBM. At the pre-specified interim OS analysis, the futility criteria were met and there was no survival benefit from adding depatux-m to SOC. Pre-specified secondary NCF analyses included time to decline in verbal learning and memory as assessed by the HVLT-R Total Recall based on the reliable change index. Exploratory NCF analyses examined changes in other HVLT-R outcomes over time. As corneal epitheliopathy causing visual impairment is a known toxicity of depatux-m, NCF tests that did not depend on visual acuity were employed. NCF testing occurred at baseline, day 1 of the first cycle of adjuvant depatux-m, every other cycle (i.e., 8 weeks) thereafter, and at progression. Compliance with test completion was 95% at screening and 80%, 70%, 58%, 51%, 47% thereafter through cycle 9. The most common reasons for missing data was site error. Time to HVLT-R Total Recall decline trended worse in the depatux-m arm compared to placebo but the difference was not significant (12 month deterioration: 41.2%, 95% CI: 3.50–47.2 vs 32.4%, 95% CI: 26.6- 38.4, p=0.052). The depatux-m arm, in comparison to the placebo arm, showed greater decline from baseline on the HVLT-R at the following time points: cycle 3 (Total Recall: mean= -1.8, SD=5.7 vs mean= -0.5, SD=5.5, respectively, p=0.046; Delayed Recall: mean= -1.1, SD=3.0 vs. mean= -0.2, SD=2.7, respectively, p=0.01), cycle 7 (Total Recall: mean= -0.6, SD=5.1 vs mean= 1.4, SD=5.0, respectively, p=0.009; Delayed Recall: mean -0.6, SD=3.0 vs. mean= 0.5, SD=2.7, respectively, p=0.01), and cycle 9 (Delayed Recall: mean=-0.4, SD=2.7 vs. mean= 0.8, SD=2.4, respectively, p=0.003). Depatux-m added to concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant temozolomide was associated with faster time to deterioration and worse episodic learning and memory over time than placebo.

Verbal Recall After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Sensitivity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleigh Jayne Kwapil ◽  
Gina Geffen ◽  
Ken McFarland ◽  
Veronica Eileen DeMonte
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether including a sensitive test of immediate and delayed recall would improve the diagnostic validity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC) in mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) versus orthopaedic clinical samples. Two studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the performance of 156 mTBI and 145 orthopaedic participants was analysed to identify the number of individuals who performed at ceiling on the verbal memory subtest of the RSC, as this test required immediate and delayed recall of only five words. A second aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity levels of the RSC. Study 2 aimed to examine whether replacement of the verbal memory subtest with the 12-word Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) could improve the sensitivity of the RSC in a new sample of 26 mTBI and 30 orthopaedic participants. Both studies showed that orthopaedic participants outperformed mTBI participants on each of the selected measures. Study 1 showed that 14% of mTBI participants performed at ceiling on the immediate and 21.2% on delayed recall test. Performance on the original battery yielded a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 80% and overall correct classification of 81.5% participants. In Study 2, inclusion of the HVLT improved sensitivity to a level of 88.5%, decreased specificity to a level of 70% and resulted in an overall classification rate of 80%. It was concluded that although inclusion of the five-word subtest in the RSC can successfully distinguish concussed from non-concussed individuals, use of the HVLT in this protocol yields a more sensitive measure of subtle cognitive deficits following mTBI.

scholarly journals A-182 Convergent and Divergent Validity of the ChAMP with the CVLT-C and RCFT in Children with Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-977
Author(s):  
David C ◽  
Brooks B ◽  
Macallister W
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Figure Test

Abstract Objective As new measures of memory become available, clinicians may be cautious to adopt them without evidence supporting their validity. The present study assesses the convergent and divergent validity of the Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP), with the California Verbal Learning Test Children’s (CVLT-C) and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in children with epilepsy. Method Twenty four clinically referred children (16 female, 8 male, - age = 12.37 years, SD = 2.68) completed the ChAMP, CVLT-C, and RCFT. Pearson correlations assessed the ChAMP’s convergent and divergent validity with the CVLT-C and the RCFT. Base rate of impairment was calculated for scores ≤2nd percentile. Results The ChAMP verbal tasks demonstrated strong relations with CVLT-C (lists; r = 0.678 p = < .001, instructions; r = 0.724 p = < .001 with CVLT-C learning trials and ChAMP lists free recall with CVLT-C long delay r = 0.580 p = .003). The ChAMP visual tasks correlated strongly with the RCFT delay (objects; r = 0.570 p = .004, places; r = 0.619 p = .001, Visual Memory Index; r = 0.657 p = < .001). However, divergent validity was limited as ChAMP Verbal Memory Index correlated with RCFT delay (r = 0.550 p = .005) and ChAMP Visual Memory Index with CVLT-C delay (r = 0.606 p = .002). Eight percent were deemed impaired on ChAMP lists delay similar to the CVLT-C delay (13%), however, ChAMP places delay identified 21% impaired, compared to the RCFT delay (42%). Conclusions ChAMP scores are strongly correlated with older established measures, but identify fewer cases as clinically impaired. This may reflect the more contemporary normative data or the fact that ChAMP tasks are less multifactorial in nature than are the CVLT-C and RCFT.

Quantitative and qualitative differences in the verbal learning performance of elderly depressives and healthy controls

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. King ◽  
Christopher Cox ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lyness ◽  
Yeates Conwell ◽  
and Eric D. Caine
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Learning Functions ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Unipolar Major Depression

We compared the verbal learning and memory performance of 57 inpatients with unipolar major depression and 30 nondepressed control participants using the California Verbal Learning Test. The effect of age within this elderly sample was also examined, controlling for sex, educational attainment, and estimated level of intelligence. Except for verbal retention, the depressives had deficits in most aspects of performance, including cued and uncued recall and delayed recognition memory. As well, there were interactions between depression effects and age effects on some measures such that depressives' performance declined more rapidly with age than did the performance of controls. The results are discussed in the context of recent contradictory reports about the integrity of learning and memory functions in late-life depression. We conclude that there is consistent evidence, from this and other studies, that elderly depressed inpatients have significant deficits in a range of explicit verbal learning functions. (JINS, 1998, 4, 115–126.)

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