Sexual and reproductive health education and its association with ever use of contraception: a cross-sectional study among women in urban slums, Accra

Background Sexual and reproductive health education among girls and women has several reproductive health benefits, including improved contraceptive knowledge, contraception use at first intercourse, increased chance of contraceptive use in a lifetime, and effective usage of contraceptives. It is however not clear whether women/girls in urban slums who have had sexual and reproductive health education would likely utilize contraception. This study sets out to test the hypothesis that Accra slum women who have had sex education have higher chances of ever using contraception. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among reproductive aged women in two slums (i.e. Agbogbloshie and Old Fadama) in Accra, Ghana. A sample size of 691, made up of respondents who provided responses to the question on ever used contraception, sex education as well as those with complete information on all the other variables of interest was considered in this study. Binary logistic regression models were fitted to examine association between sexual and reproductive health education and ever use of contraception. Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at p-value less than 0.05 were used to assess the strength of the association between the outcome and independent variables. Results More than half (56.73%) of the women have never received sexual and reproductive health education. Most of the respondents (77.28%) had ever used contraceptives. Women who had no form of sexual and reproductive health education had lower odds of ever using contraception (OR = 0.641, 95% CI 0.443, 0.928) and this persisted after controlling for the effect of demographic factors (AOR = 0.652, 95% CI 0.436, 0.975] compared to those who have ever received any form of sex education. Non-married women as well as women who were exposed to media (newspapers/radio/television) were also more likely to use contraceptives in slums in Accra, Ghana. Conclusion The study revealed a relatively low prevalence of sex education among women in urban slums in Accra. However, sex education was found to increase the odds of ever use of contraception. These findings call for intensified sexual and reproductive health education among reproductive aged girls and women in urban slums in Accra using existing informal social networks and local media platforms.

Sexo, drogas y series de adolescentes: análisis sociales de los adolescentes en las series televisivas

The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes and social behaviors of the protagonists of teen series; that is, fiction series produced for teenagers. With this aim, a content analysis has been carried out, a technique that has allowed the identification of the most common behaviors and consequences in said fiction series. The sample is composed of the first season of the seven series best rated by their audience in the first quarter of 2020: Elite (Netflix: 2018- ), Chilling Adventures of Sabrina (Netflix: 2018- ), Sex Education (Netflix: 2019- ), 13 Reasons Why (Netflix: 2017), I Am Not Okay with This (Netflix: 2020- ), Riverdale (The WC: 2017- ) y Euphoria (HBO: 2019- ). The results indicate a high percentage of scenes of unprotected sex and alcohol consumption with hardly any negative consequences.

Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Awareness, and Experiences of Emergency Contraception Pills’ Use

The emergency contraception pill (ECP) is a non-prescribed medication in Spain. However, there is not enough evidence of its use among young people to define sex education contents. The aims of this research were to describe the experiences of the use of the ECP in university students and analyze their knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the ECP. The cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted with nursing degree students at the University of Seville. A total of 478 students answered the questionnaire. All of the students (100%) had heard about the ECP and had a positive attitude towards this contraceptive. A total of 25.7% had used the ECP, mainly because a condom had failed or because they did not use any contraceptive at all. Deficiencies in knowledge are related with the ECPs’ mechanism of action, efficacy after repeated use, and the type of ECP available. Female students who used no method at all or withdrawal, and who were over 20 years old, used ECP to a greater extent (p < 0.005). Further education initiatives focused on the use of the ECP, its efficacy, and typology are needed, particularly among future health professionals who will later educate other young people.

PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI SEKS EDUKASI PADA GENERASI Z

Sex education is still a topic that is considered taboo in Indonesia, through Tiktok which is a popular application in the world in 2020, it is used as a medium to meet this information need by the @tabu.id account. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intensity, media content and attractiveness of using social media on the TikTok @tabu.id account on the fulfillment of sex education information needs. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey. The theory used is the Uses Effect Theory. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire or questionnaire and literature study. While the data analysis technique will be collected using a Likert scale. The results of this study are the intensity, message content and attractiveness affect the need for information about sex education. While the magnitude of the influence of sex education information is 6.75%, the magnitude of the influence of infographic messages on sex education information is 33.26% and the magnitude of the influence of sex education information is 15.02%.

Young People with Intellectual Disability and Their Experiences with Intimate Relationships: a Follow-up Analysis of Parents’ and Caregivers’ Perspectives

Background Research shows that people with intellectual disability both want and benefit from relationships. Caregivers play an important role in the development and maintenance of these relationships. Barriers to relationships include lack of privacy, inadequate sex education, and lack of public transportation. Method The sample included 42 primary caregivers of young people with intellectual disability aged 14 to 25. Interviews were evaluated with the qualitative content analysis. Results Two-thirds of the caregivers reported the young people having had at least one relationship. The caregivers tended to minimize the importance of the young people’s relationships and reported, in equal measure, both positive and negative relationship skills. Caregivers described limited choice in terms of partner selection, lack of social opportunities, and low quality couple time. Parents face the detachment process with ambivalence and wish for a stable partnership for their children in the future. Discussion Young people with intellectual disability face barriers and limitations regarding intimate relationships. Some young people may keep their partnerships secret to avoid possible restrictions from their caregivers. Their time together is quantitatively high, but qualitatively poor due to a lack of transportation and inclusive services. Caregivers need to support the young people’s autonomy and take their relationships more seriously.

Differential impact of the Canadian point-of-sale tobacco display bans on quit attempts and smoking cessation outcomes by sex, income and education: longitudinal findings from the ITC Canada Survey

SignificanceThis study examines the differential effects of Canadian point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display bans across provinces on quit attempts and smoking cessation, by sex, education and income.MethodsWe analysed survey data from five waves (waves 4–8) of the International Tobacco Control Canada Survey, a population-based, longitudinal survey, where provinces implemented display bans between 2004 and 2010. Primary outcomes were quit attempts and successful cessation. We used generalised estimating equation Poisson regression models to estimate associations between living in a province with or without a POS ban (with a 24-month threshold) and smoking outcomes. We tested whether these associations varied by sex, education and income by including interaction terms.ResultsAcross survey waves, the percentage of participants in provinces with POS bans established for more than 24 months increased from 5.0% to 95.8%. There was no association between POS bans and quit attempts for provinces with bans in place for 0–24 months or more than 24 months, respectively (adjusted relative risk (aRR)=0.99, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.10; 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.20). However, we found a differential impact of POS bans on quit attempts by sex, whereby bans were more effective for women than men for bans of 0–24 months. Participants living in a province with a POS ban for at least 24 months had a higher chance of successful cessation (aRR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.05) compared with those in a province without a ban. We found no differences in the association between POS bans and quit attempts or cessation by education or income, and no differences by sex for cessation.ConclusionPOS bans are associated with increased smoking cessation overall and more quit attempts among women than men.

Associations of Chronic Kidney Disease With Dementia Before and After Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke: Population-Based Cohort Study

Objective:Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) appear to be at increased risk of cognitive impairment, with both vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms postulated. To explore the vascular hypothesis, we studied the association between CKD and dementia before and after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke.Methods:In a prospective, population-based cohort study of TIA and stroke (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002-2012), pre-event and new post-event dementia were ascertained through direct patient assessment and follow-up for 5 years, supplemented by review of hospital/primary care records. Associations between pre-event dementia and CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) were examined using logistic regression, and between post-event dementia and CKD using Cox and competing risk regression models, adjusted for age, sex, education, stroke severity, prior stroke, white matter disease, diabetes mellitus, and dysphasia.Results:Among 2305 TIA/stroke patients (median [IQR] age, 77 [67-84] years, 1133 [49%] male, 688 [30%] TIA), 1174 (50.9%) had CKD. CKD was associated with both pre-event (odds ratio [OR], 2.04 [95% CI, 1.52–2.72]; P<0.001) and post-event dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01 [95% CI, 1.65–2.44]; P<0.001), but these associations attenuated after adjustment for covariates (OR=0.92 [0.65-1.31]; p=0.65 and HR=1.09 [0.85-1.39]; p=0.50). The results were similar when a competing risk model was used (subdistribution HR [SHR] =1.74 [1.43-2.12; p<0.001, attenuating to 1.01 [0.78-1.33]; p=0.92 with adjustment). CKD was more strongly associated with late (>1 year) post-event dementia (SHR=2.32, 1.70-3.17; p<0.001), particularly after TIA and minor stroke (SHR=3.08, 2.05-4.64; p<0.001), but not significantly so after adjustment (SHR=1.53, 0.90-2.60; p=0.12).Conclusions:In patients with TIA and stroke, CKD was not independently associated with either pre- or post-event dementia, suggesting that renal-specific mechanisms are unlikely to play an important role in aetiology.

Who Is Who in the Teaching of Sex Education? A Lesson Learned from the 'Safuu' Oromo Tradition of East Africa

The 2020 National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data show that there are a total of 130,930 k-12 public schools in the United States of America (U.S.A), serving approximately 48.1 million students. The demographic breakdown of the student population includes 22 million (45.7%) Whites; 13. Million (32 %) Hispanic; 17.2 million (14%) African American; 2.6 million (5.4%) Asian, 2.2 million (4.6%) students two or more races; and 0.4 million (0.8%) American Indian/ Alaska Native students. Adding sex education to the public school curriculum was primarily to make elementary and secondary school students aware of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy. Although comprehensive sexuality education has been operational in all 50 states for decades, the program&#39;s quality and comprehensiveness vary considerably from state to state due to a series of obstacles. The author of this article proposes an alternative or at least supplemental approach to the current comprehensive sex education.

Sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: an explorative analysis

Background Self-harm and suicide are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Sri Lanka, but our understanding of these behaviours is limited. Qualitative studies have implicated familial and societal expectations around sex and relationships. We conducted an explorative analysis using case-control data to investigate the association between sex education and self-poisoning in Sri Lanka. Methods Cases (N=298) were self-poisoning inpatients on a toxicology ward, Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. Controls (N=500) were sex and age frequency matched to cases and were outpatients/visitors to the same hospital. Participants were asked whether they had received sex education, and to rate the quality and usefulness of any sex education received. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and religion quantified the association between receipt, quality and usefulness of sex education and self-poisoning. We tested whether the associations differed by sex. Results Roughly 1-in-3 cases and 1-in-5 controls reported having not received sex education. Individuals who did not receive sex education were nearly twice as likely to have self-poisoned than those who did (OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.11-2.55)). Those who reported the sex education they received as not useful were more likely to have self-poisoned compared to those who reported it useful (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.04-3.65)). We found no evidence of an association between self-poisoning and the self-rated quality of sex education, or that associations differed by participant sex. Conclusion As sex education is potentially modifiable at the population-level, further research should aim to explore this association in more depth, using qualitative methods and validated measurement tools.

Sex Education: Need of the Hour

Sex education, despite the everlasting force of modernisation in other regards, has remained a contentious issue, especially in India. This short note attempts to briefly explore the history of sexuality and how societal perspectives and expectations have evolved with time. The importance of sex education and sensitisation cannot go ignored for much longer. This paper makes reference to the recommendations of prominent international organisations and makes recommendations of its own, all with the objective of limiting stigma and precipitating sexual/reproductive welfare.