scholarly journals Brain Reserve in a Case of Cognitive Resilience to Severe Leukoaraiosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dana M. Szeles ◽  
Nicholas J. Milano ◽  
Hunter J. Moss ◽  
Maria Vittoria Spampinato ◽  
Jens H. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Finding ◽  
B Value ◽  
Brain Reserve ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
The Face ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Objective: Leukoaraiosis, or white matter rarefaction, is a common imaging finding in aging and is presumed to reflect vascular disease. When severe in presentation, potential congenital or acquired etiologies are investigated, prompting referral for neuropsychological evaluation in addition to neuroimaging. T2-weighted imaging is the most common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to identifying white matter disease. However, more advanced diffusion MRI techniques may provide additional insight into mechanisms that influence the abnormal T2 signal, especially when clinical presentations are discrepant with imaging findings. Method: We present a case of a 74-year-old woman with severe leukoaraoisis. She was examined by a neurologist, neuropsychologist, and rheumatologist, and completed conventional (T1, T2-FLAIR) MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and advanced single-shell, high b-value diffusion MRI (i.e., fiber ball imaging [FBI]). Results: The patient was found to have few neurological signs, no significant cognitive impairment, a negative workup for leukoencephalopathy, and a positive antibody for Sjogren’s disease for which her degree of leukoaraiosis would be highly atypical. Tractography results indicate intact axonal architecture that was better resolved using FBI rather than DTI. Conclusions: This case illustrates exceptional cognitive resilience in the face of severe leukoaraiosis and the potential for advanced diffusion MRI to identify brain reserve.

scholarly journals Diffusion MRI Captures White Matter Microstructure Alterations in PRKN Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Takahiro Koinuma ◽  
Taku Hatano ◽  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
Christina Andica ◽  
Akio Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
B Value ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress

Background: Although pathological studies usually indicate pure dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in patients with parkin (PRKN) mutations, there is no evidence to date regarding white matter (WM) pathology. A previous diffusion MRI study has revealed WM microstructural alterations caused by systemic oxidative stress in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), and we found that PRKN patients have systemic oxidative stress in serum biomarker studies. Thus, we hypothesized that PRKN mutations might lead to WM abnormalities. Objective: To investigate whether there are WM microstructural abnormalities in early-onset PD patients with PRKN mutations using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: Nine PRKN patients and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. DTI measures were acquired on a 3T MR scanner using a b value of 1,000 s/mm2 along 32 isotropic diffusion gradients. The DTI measures were compared between groups using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. Correlation analysis was also performed between the DTI parameters and several serum oxidative stress markers obtained in a previously conducted metabolomic analysis. Results: Although the WM volumes were not significantly different, the TBSS analysis revealed a corresponding decrease in fractional anisotropy and an increase in mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in WM areas, such as the anterior and superior corona radiata and uncinate fasciculus, in PRKN patients compared with controls. Furthermore, 9-hydroxystearate, an oxidative stress marker, and disease duration were positively correlated with several parameters in PRKN patients. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that WM microstructural impairments occur in PRKN patients and are associated with disease duration and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Normal white matter development from infancy to adulthood: Comparing diffusion tensor and high b value diffusion weighted MR images

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafna Ben Bashat ◽  
Liat Ben Sira ◽  
Moshe Graif ◽  
Pazit Pianka ◽  
Talma Hendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
B Value ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
White Matter Development ◽  
Normal White Matter

Quartile histogram assessment of glioma malignancy using high b ‐value diffusion MRI with a continuous‐time random‐walk model

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muge Karaman ◽  
Jiaxuan Zhang ◽  
Karen L. Xie ◽  
Wenzhen Zhu ◽  
Xiaohong Joe Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
B Value ◽  
Continuous Time Random Walk ◽  
Random Walk Model ◽  
High B Value

High b-value diffusion-weighted imaging: A sensitive method to reveal white matter differences in schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Sebastian Baumann ◽  
Leila Cammoun ◽  
Philippe Conus ◽  
Kim Quang Do ◽  
Pierre Marquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
B Value ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Sensitive Method

Accelerated maturation of white matter in young children with autism: A high b value DWI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafna Ben Bashat ◽  
Vered Kronfeld-Duenias ◽  
Ditza A. Zachor ◽  
Perla M. Ekstein ◽  
Talma Hendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
B Value ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Young Children With Autism

scholarly journals NIMG-55. TO ASSESS THE UTILITY OF ADVANCED QUANTITATIVE DIFFUSION MRI DERIVED FROM MULTI B VALUE ACQUISITIONS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT RESPONSE, USING A SPATIALLY-INDEPENDENT APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi173-vi173
Author(s):  
Shah Islam ◽  
Melanie Morrison ◽  
Adam Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
B Value ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Tumour Heterogeneity ◽  
High B Value ◽  
Mri Protocol ◽  
Early Progressive Disease

Abstract PURPOSE To assess the utility of advanced diffusion MRI derived from multi b value acquisitions in the assessment of treatment response, using a spatially-independent approach. METHOD AND MATERIALS 13 GBM patients were enrolled into our multicentre study. All patients completed RT with TMZ. Imaging was performed pre-RT and mid RT. The MRI protocol included a ‘low’ b value acquisition (b= 0s/mm, 50s/mm, 150s/mm, 200s/mm, 500s/mm, 1000s/mm) from which monoexponential diffusion indices ADC and biexponential indices, IVIM parameters D*, D and f were calculated. A ‘high b value’ acquisition (b=0 s/mm, 500s/mm, 1000s/mm, 1500s/mm, 2000s/mm, 2500s/mm, 3000s/mm, 3500s/mm, 4000s/mm) was acquired to allow stretched exponential diffusion indices, DDC and alpha to be derived. FLAIR sequences were used to define ROI and clinical assessment of mid-treatment and end-treatment response using RANO criteria. Histograms were generated from voxels located within manually segmented ROIs defined by increased signal on T2 FLAIR images. Changes in histogram percentile profiles were evaluated across the two timepoints and compared with RANO assessment at the mid treatment and end treatment timepoints. RESULTS Following completion of treatment, 5 patients had PD, 4 SD and 4 CR. Patients with PD showed a histogram shift to the left across all diffusion models, in keeping with increasing diffusion restriction and implying increased cellularity. Patients with SD or CR showed little or no shift in the histogram. DDC and f are the most predictive of progression against RANO assessment, and appear superior to routine ADC. Reduction in 75th centile (f) and 95th centile (DDC) are the most sensitive histogram metrics for predicting early progressive disease. CONCLUSION Results suggest association between early changes in specific diffusion components and subsequent treatment response. Spatially-independent diffusion parameter comparisons provide unbiased sampling of tumour heterogeneity and abrogate the confound of voxel-to-voxel misregistration due to tumour growth/shrinkage.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fiber Tractography

2009 ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Evanthia E. Tripoliti ◽  
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis ◽  
Konstantia Veliou
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Tissue Microstructure ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality which can significantly improve our understanding of the brain structures and neural connectivity. DTI measures are thought to be representative of brain tissue microstructure and are particularly useful for examining organized brain regions, such as white matter tract areas. DTI measures the water diffusion tensor using diffusion weighted pulse sequences which are sensitive to microscopic random water motion. The resulting diffusion weighted images (DWI) display and allow quantification of how water diffuses along axes or diffusion encoding directions. This can help to measure and quantify the tissue’s orientation and structure, making it an ideal tool for examining cerebral white matter and neural fiber tracts. In this chapter the authors discuss the theoretical aspects of DTI, the information that can be extracted from DTI data, and the use of the extracted information for the reconstruction of fiber tracts and the diagnosis of a disease. In addition, a review of known fiber tracking algorithms is presented.

Evaluation of ventriculomegaly using diffusion tensor imaging: correlations with chronic hydrocephalus and atrophy

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Osuka ◽  
Akira Matsushita ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Kousaku Saotome ◽  
Tomonori Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Finding ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Diffusion Anisotropy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After

Object Ventriculomegaly is a common imaging finding in many types of conditions. It is difficult to determine whether it is related to true hydrocephalus or to an atrophic process by using only imaging procedures such as MR imaging after traumatic injury, stroke, or infectious disease. Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging can distinguish the compression characteristics of white matter, indicating that increased diffusion anisotropy may be related to white matter compression. In this preliminary study, the authors compared the DT imaging findings of ventriculomegaly with those of chronic hydrocephalus or atrophy to clarify the potential of diffusion anisotropy in the identification of hydrocephalus. Methods Ten patients with chronic hydrocephalus, 8 patients with atrophy (defined by conventional devices and surgical outcome), and 14 healthy volunteers underwent DT imaging. Images were acquired before and after shunting or once in cases without shunting. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values at many points around the lateral ventricle were evaluated. Results The FA patterns around the lateral ventricle in the chronic hydrocephalus and atrophy groups were different. Especially in the caudate nucleus, FA was increased in the chronic hydrocephalus group compared with the atrophy group. Furthermore, the FA values returned to normal levels after shunt placement. Conclusions Assessment of the FA value of the caudate nucleus may be an important, less invasive method for distinguishing true hydrocephalus from ventriculomegaly. Further research in a large number of patients is needed to verify the diagnostic ability of this method.

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