The Role of the Government Actuary's Department in Social Security in the United Kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

ABSTRACTThe Government Actuary's Department (GAD) came into being in 1919, originally arising from the perceived importance of applying actuarial skills to the financing of the United Kingdom social security system. Whilst the GAD has changed considerably over the years, and now operates as a publicly owned consulting firm, social security and related policy and regulatory advice remain at the core of the Government Actuary's role. This paper explores the nature of the role of the GAD in the social security area, and provides examples of the scope of GAD reports on the long-term finances of the National Insurance Fund. A brief description is given of some of the other areas of GAD's work.

scholarly journals THE “HIDDEN“ ROLE OF THE STATE IN DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON COMPETITIVENESS (THEORETICAL COMPARISON)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Hristina Dobreva
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Theoretical Comparison ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

From the perspective of political science the paper is a comparative overview of some of the main approaches on competitiveness. The focus is on their strengths and weaknesses in the explanation of the role of the government. Yet the paper compares some of the more recent authors as Porter, Reich, Thurow, Ohmae and Strange. The implication is that government intervention is still needed to provide both sustainable competitiveness (Strange) (modesty as opposed to resource depletion) and social adjustment (jobs) to innovation in the long-term dynamic picture (Porter) because government is still at the basis of the welfare pyramid (Thurow). I start with the authors’ assumptions and proceed with their view on the role of the government to conclude that this role is underestimated in the social and overestimated in the business sphere.

Challenges to Professional Autonomy in the United Kingdom? The Perceptions of General Practitioners

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Calnan ◽  
Simon Williams
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
New Managerialism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Theoretical analysis has suggested that so-called threats to professional autonomy in the United States might also be manifesting themselves in the United Kingdom through the introduction of market principles and the new “managerialism” into the National Health Service by the government and through the emergence of complementary medicine and the role of the “articulate” consumer. The authors explore these issues by focusing on how a sample of the “rank and file” of general practitioners perceive these potential challenges from “above and below.” The evidence suggests that the social, economic, and clinical freedoms of general practitioners remain intact although these external influences appear to have changed the style of clinical practice, which is a source of concern and dissatisfaction to some general practitioners.

The developing role of the Government Actuary's Department in the supervision of insurance

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Insurance Supervision ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

AbstractFollowing a brief outline of the origins of the actuarial profession in the United Kingdom, the paper traces the involvement of actuaries in the supervision of insurance in the U.K., and recalls the origins and early development of actuaries in government. In 1919, the Government Actuary's Department (GAD) was formed, and the paper explores the developing role of GAD in the supervision of insurance and how insurance supervision has evolved into a close partnership between the actuarial profession and the supervisors.

The Chilcot Report

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Stephen Bouwhuis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Relevance ◽  
The Government

The inquiry by the United Kingdom into its decision to intervene in Iraq is one of the longest running and most comprehensive examinations of government decision-making. In particular, the inquiry examined in detail the processes by which legal advice was provided to and formed a part of the decision by the Government of the United Kingdom to intervene in Iraq. Through this lens, the current chapter examines what the inquiry illustrates about the general relevance of international law to the decision to intervene in Iraq and more broadly what illustrates about the role of international law in decision-making more generally. In particular, the chapter pertains to the practical and ethical aspects providing international legal advice to government as well as the nature of government legal practice more generally.

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic and Cultural Condition of Fisherman in Coastal Area of Sialang Buah, Teluk Mengkudu, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Mona Adria Wirda ◽  
Nurmala Berutu ◽  
Riki Rahmad
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Beach Tourism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This research aims to identify of coastal communities chartered economic potency, explore the human resources potency of coastal communities, investigate the role of coastal communities chartered economic institution, and knowing both of the socio-economic condition and infrastructure support for the economic development of coastal areas in Serdang Bedagai Regency. This research was done in Pantai Sialang Buah Desa Teluk Mengkudu, Serdang Bedagai Regency. respondents took by random sampling method. Data analysis method of this research was applied descriptive analysis. The result of this research shows that communities economics potency at coastal area quite prospective. The social economic condition of communities at coastal area relatively still very lag, although the economic sector is very potential to be developed like fishery sector, cultivation of seagrass, beach tourism, field crop and breeding sector. The role of the government and the private sector in developing the potential of coastal communities is not sufficient, especially in the field of infrastructure.

scholarly journals How Good is the Science That Informs Government Policy? A Lesson From the U.K.’s Response to 2020 CoV-2 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Neofytos Dimitriou ◽  
Ognjen Arandjelovíc
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Government

AbstractIn an era when public faith in politicians is dwindling, yet trust in scientists remains relatively high, governments are increasingly emphasizing the role of science based policy-making in response to challenges such as climate change and global pandemics. In this paper we question the quality of some scientific advice given to governments and the robustness and transparency of the entire framework which envelopes such advice, all of which raise serious ethical concerns. In particular we focus on the so-called Imperial Model which heavily influenced the government of the United Kingdom in devising its response to the COVID-19 crisis. We focus on and highlight several fundamental methodological flaws of the model, raise concerns as to the robustness of the system which permitted these to remain unchallenged, and discuss the relevant ethical consequences.

scholarly journals Panamá

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Eloy Fisher
Keyword(s):  
International Commerce ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Fiscal Prudence

Este documento de posición analiza el crecimiento y la inflación en Panamá. Panamá experimenta un círculo virtuoso económico entre una tasa balanceada y sostenible de crecimiento a largo plazo y ni-veles moderados de inflación, fenómeno que los economistas denominan la coincidencia divina. A futuro, con el repliegue gradual del rol del Estado en aras de fortalecer la actividad del sector privado, se dan las condiciones macroeconómicas para mantener y recrear tal coincidencia como la nueva si-tuación normal de la economía panameña. La diversificación de la economía, la prudencia macro-fiscal, perspectivas favorables de crecimiento en sectores claves (como lo son las utilidades públicas, minas y canteras, y transporte, almacenamiento y comunicaciones —sectores a su vez dependientes del comercio internacional y la exportación de servicios) y la reversión a la media de la inflación, incluso a pesar de la incertidumbre económica internacional y geopolítica, constituyen pilares sólidos sobre los cuales descansa la actividad económica y el modelo de desarrollo del país. Se concluye con advertencias sobre el posible agotamiento del modelo de gasto discrecional en materia social, ya que los réditos de estas intervenciones han perdido potencia y en la medida que no se re-enfoquen, podrían trastocar el delicado equilibrio necesario para mantener y enraizar la coincidencia divina a nivel eco-nómico. Por eso, se concluye que la mejor política hoy en día debe ser prudente y cautelosa, y enfocada a generar capital social. This position paper analyzes the growth and inflation in Panama. Panama experiences a virtuous circle for economy: a balanced and sustained rate of long-term growth, and moderate levels of inflation. This phenomenon is what economists call the divine coincidence. As the role of the Government withdraws gradually, in order to strengthen the activity of the private sector, the macroeconomic conditions to sustain and recreate such coincidence as the new normal situation of the Panamanian economy will emerge. The diversification of the economy, the macro-fiscal prudence, the favorable perspectives of growth in key sectors (such as public utilities, mines and quarries, and transport, storage and communications; which are sectors that depend upon international commerce and service exports), and the mean reversion of inflation —even despite the economic and geopolitical uncertainties— are the cornerstones upon which the economic activity and the development model of the nation lay. Warnings about the possible wears of the model of discretionary expenditure in social fields, since the revenues of these interventions have lost power. If there is no shift in the focus of these interventions, they could disrupt the delicate balance needed to maintain and strengthen the divine coincidence at the economic level. Thus, the best policy today must be prudent, cautious and focused to develop social capital.

Social Security and Occupational Pension Schemes

1968 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-253
Author(s):  
C. S. S. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
National Insurance

Since the idea of a wage-related national pension scheme was first launched in tangible form by the publication in 1957 of the Labour Party's ‘National Superannuation’ plan there has been a state of uneasy coexistence between national and occupational pension schemes in the United Kingdom. Social security systems providing not merely basic flat-rate benefits, but also benefits related to earnings, had been in existence for some years in other European countries, but it was not until the National Insurance Act, 1959 took effect in April 1961 that a national graduated pension scheme became a reality in the United Kingdom. Established at a modest level and designed primarily as a means of raising revenue to meet the rising outgo on flat-rate benefits, this graduated scheme has never seemed likely to endure in its original form. Nevertheless the National Insurance Act, 1966 has grafted on to it a scheme to provide short-term graduated sickness, unemployment and widows' benefits.

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