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Author(s):  
Dr. Baneshwar Kapasi ◽  
Miss. Saroj Mahato

The National Pension Scheme (NPS) is a defined contribution and a corporate pension fund that provides financial assistance to all Indian citizens. There are two types of accounts in the National Pension Scheme: Tier I and Tier II. Tier I is a mandatory deposit pension fund account and Tier II is a voluntary pension account. Tier I and Tier II is are consisted of different assets namely, equity, government security and alternative asset. The equity schemes are directly linked with the market. The return of all the fund managers in equity schemes are not same as the portfolio of all the fund managers are not same. Secondary data has been collected from respective websites of Pension Fund Managers and has been used to calculate mean, SD, Variance, and Correlation to predict the performance of equity funds. ANOVA and T-test have been for assessing the comparative analysis of the different fund managers under equity scheme in tier II. As per the study, LIC PF and ICICI PF are the best performer during the study period. The performance of SBI PF is poor among other equity funds under Tier-II of NPS during the study period. In term of risk, LIC PF is the higher risky equity fund and UIT PF is the lowest risky equity fund under Tier-II of NPS. It can be said that investors need to be high-risk taker to invest in that LIC PF. Through the risk analysis during said period of time, it is found that the ability to observe risk differs in equity funds under Tier-II of NPS. The main reason for this being a voluntary account of Tier -II. As there is no lock-in period in this account, the investors mostly use for a short-term purpose. In the recent decision of the government, Tier-II offers a lock-in period for 3 years with tax benefit. This decision may be affected the investment pattern of the investors. KEY WORDS: - National Pension Scheme, Performance, Equity Scheme, Nifty 50


Author(s):  
Nandkumar Baburao Bodhgire

National Pension Scheme is a mandatory for all central and state government employees who joined in services after 2005. Although the scheme is implemented in 2006, most of the government employees are unknown about the benefit of the same scheme. Hence, this paper highlights functions of national pension scheme and performance of pension fund managers in terms of its return in 2020. ANOVA tool is employed for analyzing differences in return by pension fund managers. The study is concluded that HDFC pension fund gives more return other than pension fund.


Kuntoutus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Jyri Liukko

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan työeläkelaitosten rahoittaman ammatillisen kuntoutuksen eli työeläkekuntoutuksen toimivuutta ja kehittämistä työeläkelaitosten asiantuntijoiden haastatteluiden perusteella. Viimeaikaiset tutkimustulokset työeläkekuntoutuksen vaikuttavuudesta ovat herättäneet keskustelua erityisesti työpaikalla tapahtuvien lyhytaikaisten toimien kustannustehokkuudesta. Tätä taustaa vasten artikkelin painopiste on asiantuntijoiden esiin nostamissa kehittämisajatuksissa. Aineisto muodostuu työeläkelaitosten kuntoutusasiantuntijoiden ja vakuutuslääkärien haastatteluista. Aineisto sisältää kuusi laajaa haastattelua, joissa oli yhteensä 15 haastateltavaa. Menetelmänä käytetään temaattista sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu erilaisista työkyvyn edistämisen malleista. Keskeisenä kehittämisen kohteena haastatteluissa pidettiin ensinnäkin panostamista työn muokkaamiseen työkokeilujen aikana ja erilaisiin jatkotoimenpiteisiin niiden jälkeen. Toiseksi työkokeiluja pidempiaikaisemmat kuntoutustoimenpiteet,kuten työhönvalmennus ja koulutus, nähtiin usein järkeviksi vaihtoehdoiksi kestävien työllisyysvaikutusten näkökulmasta. Kolmanneksi kuntoutuksen työllisyysvaikutuksia saattaisi haastattelujen perusteella parantaa erityisesti työeläkejärjestelmän, Kelan ja työvoimapalvelujen yhteistyön tiivistäminen. Artikkeli osoittaa, minkälaisiin työkyvyn edistämisen malleihin haastateltavien esittämät kehittämisideat kytkeytyvät. Abstract Improving the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation under the earnings-related pension scheme and the concept of work ability. Study based on interviews with experts from earnings-related pension providersIn this interview-based article we examine the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation financed by earnings-related pension providers and its development. Recent studies on the efficiency of vocational rehabilitation have raised discussions particularly on the cost-efficiency of short-term rehabilitation at the workplace. The focal area of this article is thus on the development ideas presented by the experts. The data is based on interviews with rehabilitation experts at earnings-related pension providers and insurance physicians. The dataset consists of six extensive interviews with a total of 15 interviewees. The data is analysed using thematic content analysis. The theoretical framework of the study consists of various models of work ability. As key areas that require improvement the interviewees pointed out adjusting work tasks during work try-outs and taking various further actions after completing work try-outs. Second, longer-lasting rehabilitation measures, such as job coaching and training, were increasingly seen as viable options to achieve sustainable employment effects. Thirdly, based on the interviews, the employment effects of vocational rehabilitation may be improved through, in particular, closer co-operation between the earnings-related pension system, Kela and employment services. The article shows which types of models of work ability the development ideas of the experts are connected to. Key words: vocational rehabilitation, work ability, effectiveness, co-operation, experts, interview study


Author(s):  
Louis Asiedu ◽  
Felix Mettle ◽  
Emmanuel Aidoo ◽  
Stella Lawerh

The main aim of this study is to fit a model for predicting pension liability. The study proposed a stochastic population model to determine the status of a pension scheme. By categorizing the members of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) pension scheme of Ghana into five groups, the birth and death process with emigration and the pure death process coupled with assumption of the Yule’s process, were combined to successfully formulate a model for forecasting the surplus of SSNIT to be used as a proxy for assessing the solvency status of the scheme. The reliability of the proposed model was corroborated by very high coverage probabilities of the estimates of expected surpluses produced.  The study demonstrated how easy it is to use the proposed model to carry out sensitivity analysis which allows the exploration of various scenarios leading to formulation and implementation of policies to enhance the solvency of the scheme. One major advantage of the proposed model is that, it uses more information (variables) compared to others proposed elsewhere for the same purpose. This contributes to the precision of estimates from the model. A key finding of the study is that SSNIT would have still been solvent had she increased pension by 50%.  


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Odame Appiah ◽  
Felix Asante ◽  
Lois Antwi-Boadi ◽  
Richard Serbeh

Purpose This paper aims to examine elderly smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adaptation to climate variability and change in the Offinso Municipality, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach This paper used quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed with frequencies and chi-square tests, whereas qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings The results showed that elderly smallholder farmers’ knowledge of climate variability and climate change were based on their sex, level of formal education and experience in farming. Elderly smallholder farmers adopted both on-farm and off-farm strategies to cope with climate change and variability. The vulnerability of elderly smallholder farmers to climate change calls for social protection mechanisms such as a pension scheme that guarantees access to monthly cash transfers. Such a scheme will ease constraints to livelihood and ensure improved well-being. Originality/value Elderly smallholder farmers have remained invisible in discourses on perceptions and adaptation to climate change despite the surge in number of this category of farmers. This paper therefore represents an attempt to highlight the experiences of elderly smallholder farmers with climate variability and change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
N. V. Chernykh

The paper raises the problem of the status of self-employment in the context of referring self-employment to the forms of exercising citizens’ right to freely choose their type of activity, analyzes the development of legislation regulating the self-employed. The author highlights uncertainty in the issue of classifying a self-employed as a subject of entrepreneurial activity. The paper examines the problem of the possible use of self-employment to bypass labor legislation in terms of hiring workers under an employment contract. The author dwells on her stance concerning the need to include norms on self-employed citizens in the RF Law of 19.04.1991 No. 1032-1 “On Employment in the Russian Federation”. With regard to the social security of the self-employed, the author concludes that in the process of improving the legislation, the self-employed should take some intermediate position between the employee under an employment contract, provided by all types of compulsory social insurance in accordance with federal legislation, and a business entity that receives such insurance upon voluntary entry in social insurance relations. Otherwise, non-inclusion of a fairly wide range of self-employed population in relations with the pension scheme and social insurance will lead to instability of their legal status in the future.


2021 ◽  
pp. 095892872110356
Author(s):  
Ville-Pekka Sorsa ◽  
Natascha van der Zwan

What makes a pension scheme sustainable? Most answers to this question have revolved around expert assessments of pension schemes’ affordability or adequacy. This study shifts focus from the financial or social sustainability of pension scheme designs to their political sustainability. Political sustainability refers to policymakers’ ability and willingness to sustain pension schemes in the face of perceived challenges. We seek to fill a key research gap concerning the political sustainability of pensions by highlighting the processes of parametric adjustment through which pension schemes are sustained. We show how capital, labour and state actors have been able to actively sustain collective defined benefit (DB) pension schemes in two coordinated market economies, Finland and the Netherlands. The two countries have managed to sustain their DB pensions for relatively long periods of time despite facing the same sustainability challenges that have motivated paradigmatic shifts in other pension systems. We find that sustaining has been successful thanks to a governance culture in which policymakers have been willing to keep all pension scheme parameters open for negotiation and an institutional context that made policymakers able to turn parametric pension reforms into power resources for further reforms. Our findings also explain recent changes in the Netherlands, which moved the Dutch system towards collective defined contribution pensions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Joanne McKeown
Keyword(s):  

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