Past and future of HIV infection. A document based on expert opinion

HIV infection is now almost 40 years old. In this time, along with the catastrophe and tragedy that it has entailed, it has also represented the capacity of modern society to take on a challenge of this magnitude and to transform an almost uniformly lethal disease into a chronic illness, compatible with a practically normal personal and relationship life. This anniversary seemed an ideal moment to pause and reflect on the future of HIV infection, the challenges that remain to be addressed and the prospects for the immediate future. This reflection has to go beyond merely technical approaches, by specialized professionals, to also address social and ethical aspects. For this reason, the Health Sciences Foundation convened a group of experts in different aspects of this disease to discuss a series of questions that seemed pertinent to all those present. Each question was presented by one of the participants and discussed by the group. The document we offer is the result of this reflection.

Bioethics and Nutrition in the Older Adult

At the professional practice of nutrition, as in the rest of the health disciplines, it is necessary to follow high standards in order to establish the best doctor-patient relationship and the greatest benefit in the user's health. In a special way, the factors that are indexed in the nutrition of the elderly must be specified; since, during the stage of old age, individuals present physiological and psychosocial changes that affect their nutritional status, which lead to both overweight and malnutrition, implying malnutrition problems. Thus, recommendations are established for both the ethical aspects and the components that must be considered for the adequate feeding of the elderly, including the ethical considerations involved in the interventions.

LANGUAGE ETHICS IN DAILY LIFE

Behavior, ethics, and also language are social things. Communication procedures or ethics can be influenced by the cultural norms of particular community groups. In the current era of life, many people still lack knowledge about ethics in language. The focus of the study of this research leads to ethical aspects of language in everyday life and is attached to the subject of this research. This research is descriptive quantitative. The research object was selected based on the knowledge of several people about language ethics. This study aims to find out how essential language ethics is in everyday life.

PENDIDIKAN ETIKA REKA BENTUK DALAM PROGRAM INDUSTRI KREATIF DI INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN TINGGI MALAYSIA [DESIGN ETHICS EDUCATION FOR CREATIVE INDUSTRIES PROGRAMMES IN MALAYSIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS]

Nowadays, the creative industry is rapidly developing with various technologies and creativity moving forward. However, problems and issues involving ethical aspects are still often seen on social media, television and print media, it clearly shows the lack of values and ethical aspects of the individual in the production of designs. Therefore, this study is conducted to propose the guidelines on ethical education design for creative industry programs in the institutions of higher learning. The objective of this study is to evaluate students' behavior towards design ethics among students of higher education institutions, evaluate teaching practices implemented by educators of higher education institutions as well as to assess challenges related to design ethics faced by creative industry professionals in submitting proposal regarding ethical education guidelines for creative industry programs. This study uses quantitative method which is the survey method in which questionnaires are distributed to respondents. For the sampling of studies, which is stratified sampling that refers to individual specific characteristic features in terms of his/her involvement in the creative industry. The numbers of respondents were 164 for the students, 108 respondents for the teaching staff and 89 respondents were from creative industry professionals. The findings of this study that are based on the mean value and standard deviation from the data collected through the survey study, show that students' behavior on ethical aspects is an important aspect of design ethics. Meanwhile, for the lecturers, the teaching practices implemented show that ethical aspects are a crucial element in the teaching sessions. Next, for the creative industry professionals, ethical aspects are considered as an important element in facing the challenges regarding design ethics. This is explained through the findings of students, lecturers and creative industry professionals through high recorded mean value. Therefore, it is clear that ethical aspects are a vital element to these three groups. Thus, a guideline on ethical education design for creative industry programs in institutions of higher learning is produced through the findings. Hence, this study provides a module on design ethics education that can be practiced in creative industry programs in Institutions of Higher Learning in Malaysia.

Looking for an approach to ethics through logistics.

In this work, through a logistic model, several aspects of organizations are related, such as ethics, Safety & Security and innovation. To do this, the Ethical Legal Consultant of the Logistic Model Based on Positions will be used. Given the close relationship that logistics has with almost all aspects of the organization, the objective of this work arises: Generate some guidelines to improve the ethical aspects of an organization, following guidelines offered by the Legal Ethical Consultant of the Logistics Model Based on Positions. To achieve this objective, the Integrated-Adaptable Methodology for the development of Decision Support System will be followed, which, it has been demonstrated, adapts to this type of research.

Ethical Aspects of Information-Based Medicine (With a Focus on Mental Health)

Modern advanced tools of artificial intelligence assist healthcare professionals in a variety of complex tasks related to medical care. Digitalization and automation accelerate the development and deployment of innovative artificial intelligence tools tailor-made for clinical applications; decision support systems represent an important example of such tools. This chapter is devoted to discussing the role of artificial intelligence in current and prospective medical care and ethical aspects of their deployment. As developed countries currently go through remarkable transforms of medical care involving informatization and centering around medical information and knowledge, this chapter also discusses future ideals of medical care characterized by the concept of information-based medicine. Ethical and patient safety implications of using artificial intelligence within information-based medicine are overviewed here. Specific attention is paid to mental healthcare and ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence in its context.

Telenutrition

In the last 20 years, telenutrition has gained popularity and visibility. This term refers to the incorporation of tools and skills of telecommunication into nutritional management. Telenutrition already had many reported uses even before the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present chapter, Telenutrition will be addressed considering important aspects such as differences with traditional care, the most relevant findings in pathologies relevant to the area, some suggestions for tools and marketing, as well as some ethical aspects.

Meat Analogues in the Perspective of Recent Scientific Research: A Review

There are many reasons why consumers and food producers are looking for alternatives to meat and meat products, which includes the following: health, environmental or ethical aspects. This study reviews recent scientific reports on meat analogues. The scope of the review includes the following: formulation and nutritional value; health safety and legal regulations; manufacturing and processing technologies including the latest developments in this area; product availability on the food market; and consumer attitudes towards meat analogues. The analysis of the literature data identified technological challenges, particularly in improving consumer acceptability of meat analogues. Among the risks and limitations associated with the production of meat analogues, the following were identified: contamination from raw materials and the risk of harmful by-products due to intensive processing; legal issues of product nomenclature; and consumer attitudes towards substituting meat with plant-based alternatives. The need for further research in this area, particularly on the nutritional value and food safety of meat analogues, was demonstrated.