Literature reviews: Gender And Rural Development

The purpose of this paper was to elaborate the gap of gender and rural development from geography perspective based on scientific research literature reviews. Four papers was selected to conduct this literature reviews. There are paper from Jennifer C. Langill, Chetan Choitani, Rosanna Quagliariello and friends, also Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson. These journals are interesting because it discusses the conception of empirical-scientific geography model as empirical science. Jennifer C. Langill’s paper offered a conceptual framework for gendered division of labour and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and gendered livelihoods in rural Amazonia: highlighting how gender roles and livelihood seasonality need to be understood as co-produced. Because gendered livelihoods are further complicated by household composition and life-stage, often over-burdened with productive and reproductive labour. While Chetan Choitani shows the impact of migration of men that include ‘improved autonomy’ and ‘increased responsibility’ for left-behind women, also provide conceptual pathways to understand migration-gender-food security linkages. Rosanna Quagliariello and friends offered solutions for gender mainstreaming in rural area by technocratic regulation, legality, implementation and law enforcement within the framework of gender mainstreaming that ensures the empowerment of women towards gender equality. While Tamara Jacka and Sally Sargeson Discover the highlight of local constructions of gender and representation. Keywords: Gender, Rural Development, Gender and Development, Geography, Literature Review

Implementation of Flood Disaster Mitigation Strategy in Nagari Taram, Lima puluh Kota Regency

This study aims to analyze the implementation of flood disaster mitigation strategies in Nagari Taram, Limapuluh Kota Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. They were collecting data using interviews, observation, and documentation study. The research informants were several heads of fields, section heads in the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Fifty Cities Distr2ict. The results showed that the implementation of disaster mitigation by the local government had been carried out in the form of the normalization of Batang Sinamar, brojong development along the Batang Sinamar watershed. However, the mitigation that has been implemented has not succeeded in reducing the risk and impact of flooding on the community in Nagari Taram. This study argues that local governments need to pay attention to regional characteristics in implementing flood disaster mitigation before carrying out river normalization because the area's characteristics affect the carrying capacity and carrying capacity of the river.

Effectiveness of The Padang Pariaman Disaster Emergency Preparedness Program (Papa Sadar Bana) Call Center 112 in Disaster Management in Padang Pariaman Regency

This study discusses the importance of the role of Information Technology in dealing with disaster problems in the Padang Pariaman Regency. Public service innovation by the government that utilizes Information Technology, namely E-Government, Program (Papa Sadar Bana) Call Center 112, is expected to help the community in disasters. This study uses the Theory of Effectiveness by Primanda (2017), namely with indicators of Program Target Accuracy, Program Socialization, Program Objectives, and Monitoring to measure the effectiveness of a program. This study aims to describe and understand the program effectiveness (papa conscious call center 112) in Disaster Management in Padang Pariaman Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive methods—data collection techniques in this study by interview, observation, and documentation. Furthermore, the informants in this study were the Head of BPBD of Padang Pariaman Regency, secretary, Call Center Staff 112, PUSDALOPS, TRC TEAM, Head of Sub-Division for Reconstruction & Rehabilitation and the Community.

Gender-Based Sustainable Disaster Response Education to Anticipate the Problem of Women’s Vulnerability

This study revealed the condition of women during a disaster in Indonesia, roles, rights and their fulfilment, and anticipates the problem of women's vulnerability in disasters. The method used was a literature study. Sources of data were from books, journals, research reports, mass media and other relevant literature sources. Data validation was done using source triangulation. The data was analyzed using interactive analysis. The results show that the condition of women during a disaster in Indonesia was faced with various vulnerabilities which resulted in a large percentage of the number of victims. However, in of such vulnerabilities, women could act as a driving force for their families and their environment to take disaster risk reduction actions. Women struggled to maintain the survival of their families and society, although, on the other hand, their rights tended to be neglected due to gender-biased socio-cultural constructions. The rights of women could not be properly guaranteed and it became even more difficult during a disaster. Women's vulnerability can be anticipated with gender-based sustainable disaster responses education that involves men and women with attention to women's rights during a disaster through formal and non-formal education.

Natural Disaster Aid Distribution System and Meeting the Needs of Case Victims in Padang Pariaman Regency

This study aims to determine the fulfillment of the needs of victims of natural disasters through the implementation of a social assistance distribution system for victims of natural disasters that occurred in Padang Pariaman Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach that describes the social assistance distribution system for victims of natural disasters with an orientation towards meeting the needs of the victims. It can also be categorized as exploratory research which studies a number of cases of aid distribution towards meeting the needs of victims. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews with officials who were directly involved in the distribution of aid, direct observation to victims of natural disasters, document review, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analysis, using descriptive-qualitative techniques. The results of the study conclude that the current social assistance distribution system for victims of natural disasters has not yet achieved the goal, namely meeting the needs of victims of natural disasters. Long mechanisms and procedures, incompatible with regional conditions, and the absence of potential synergy of personnel are factors between the ineffectiveness of the social assistance distribution system for victims of natural disasters in Padang Pariaman Regency. The results of the study recommend that in formulating a policy for the distribution of social assistance systems for victims of natural disasters, it should begin with periodic mapping of disaster events and the needs of victims, involving victims as recipients of assistance in accordance with the mandate of Article 26 of Law No.24 of 2007 concerning National Disaster Management. Local governments should be given full authority to implement policies in accordance with regional conditions and disaster characteristics. The granting of this authority should be included in the regional autonomy law regarding the rights of regional governments in the case of natural disaster management, specifically included in local regional regulations.

Flood Management Based on The Potential Urban Catchments Case Study Padang City

The water catchment area also indirectly impacts on flood control for areas that are lower than it because rainwater does not fall to the lower areas but is absorbed as groundwater. Increased development of Padang City will be inversely proportional to the reduction in water catchment areas and become an area that is impermeable that makes rainwater stagnate on the surface and flood occurs. The development of remote sensing technology and geographic information systems has made it possible to study the spatial patterns of potential water catchment areas in a wide range, including mapping the potential of water catchment areas in Padang City. This study aims to analyze the condition of the availability of water catchment areas for controlling water management and flood disasters in Padang City based on data on spatial parameters such as rainfall data, slope, soil type maps, and land use obtained from Landsat 8 OLI imagery data. This study uses the scoring and overlay method with the Geographical Information System. The results show that the condition of the water catchment area in the western part of Padang City have been critical, reaching 18.29% of the total area of ​​Padang City, this is due to land use that has undergone a change of function. If the water infiltration condition worsens (critical), it gives more opportunities for flooding and inundation. Thus the areas with the potential for water absorption which are categorized as critical and very critical in the research location can be said to be areas that are potentially prone to flooding and inundation, because the ground surface is no longer able to absorb water. Monitoring the potential of water catchment areas is one form of flood mitigation efforts.

Disaster Communication Based on Local Wisdom at Disaster Pried Areas

Based on its location, Indonesia is very unique because it is prone to disasters. In disaster prevention and management efforts, disaster communication related to the government and communities in disaster-prone areas is required. To expedite the communication process that occurs, the government needs to increase knowledge and understanding of the local wisdom of the local community regarding the environment. This is important to increase public trust so that what is intended through disaster communication can be achieved.

Preparedness of Earthquake Disaster for Communities Koto Tangah Sub-District - Padang City (Case Study of Elementary School 31 Pasir Kandang)

In the last five years, the west coast of Sumatra island has experienced several earthquakes with strong intensity. The Pariaman earthquake on September 30, 2009, as reported by USGS, was located on the west coast of Pariaman with a magnitude of 7.9 SR and MMI VII-VIII standard, with a depth of 80 km. has caused victims to humans and property which is quite large. The socialization carried out is in the form of presentations in the classroom. The material presented includes the definition of a disaster, types of disasters (natural, non-natural, and social disasters), disaster management (before a disaster, when a disaster occurs, after a disaster).

Analysis of Flood Disaster Mitigation in West Sumatra

Watershed development based on sustainable development requires open management that ensures the continuity of the coordination process between related institutions. This development is characterized by cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary. This research problem answers about 1) What is the cause of flooding in West Sumatra?; 2) What are the alternative mitigations for the flood disaster management?; 3) What are the impacts of the flood?; and 4) What are the strategic steps that can be taken?. The research study uses the library method, which is based on data obtained from the Agency of Regional Disaster Management (BPBD) West Sumatra Province in 2019. The results of this study indicate that the principles of disaster mitigation in West Sumatra have not been fully implemented, such as before a disaster, during a disaster, and after a disaster.

Enviromental Monitoring of Land Subsidence in The Coastal Area of Padang City Using Sentinel 1 Sar Dataset

The land surface in the Padang City is thought to be experiencing a continuous relative subsidence due to natural processes and man-made activities. Factors that affect land subsidence include earthquakes, sea level rise, infrastructure development, sediment transport, and excessive use of groundwater sources. The purpose of this research is to map the rate of land subsidence which is processed from the Sentinel 1-A radar, satellite imagery using the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) method. The data used are two pairs of Sentinel-1A level 1 Single Looking Complex (SLC) imagery which were acquired in 2018 and 2019. Image processing is carried out by filtering and multilooking techniques on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The following process changes the phase unwrapping to the ground level phase using phase displacement. Land subsidence in 2018–2019 from DInSAR processing reached -10.5 cm / year. The largest land subsidence occurred in North Padang with an average of -7.64 cm/year. Land subsidence in the Padang City, which is located near the estuary, is due to the nature of the alluvial sediment material. The use of Sentinel 1 SAR remote sensing data can provide important information in the context of mitigating land subsidence in the Padang City. Therefore, we need the right policies to handle future land subsidence cases. Land subsidence mapping is one of the factors that determine the vulnerability of coastal areas to disasters