Marketing of commercial foods for infant and young children in Uruguay: Sugary products, health cues on packages and fun social products on Facebook

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Karageuzian ◽  
Leticia Vidal ◽  
Carolina de León ◽  
Alejandra Girona ◽  
Gastón Ares
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Objective: To analyze the content of the marketing of commercial foods for infants and young children on packages and social media. Design: Commercial foods targeted at children, regarded as potential breast-milk-substitutes according to the Uruguayan breastfeeding standard, were considered: dairy products; teas, juices and bottled waters; glucose solutions; cereals and mixtures of fruits and vegetables. All the products sold at forty-four retail outlets were purchased. A Facebook search was performed to identify accounts of these products. For each account, all the content posted by the brands between July 2017 and July 2019 was recorded. The visual and textual information included in the packages and Facebook posts was analyzed using content analysis. Products were classified using the nutrient profile model of the Pan American Health Organization. Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: Seventy-six unique commercial foods targeted at infants and young children were identified, 96% of which were excessive in sugar. Packages frequently included textual and visual elements to convey health-related associations, including images of fruits and vegetables, nutrient content claims, and endorsement logos. Ten Facebook accounts were identified, which generated 302 posts. Parents and caregivers were the main target audience of the posts, which mainly included content related to fun and social aspects of food consumption. Additionally, the posts frequently conveyed the idea that products would contribute to children’s growth and development. Conclusions: Results suggest the need to implement comprehensive regulations on the marketing of commercial foods targeted at children, regarded as potential breast-milk-substitutes according to the Uruguayan breastfeeding standard.

scholarly journals Donated breast milk substitutes and incidence of diarrhoea among infants and young children after the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Hipgrave ◽  
Fitsum Assefa ◽  
Anna Winoto ◽  
Sri Sukotjo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractObjectiveDistribution of breast milk substitutes (BMS) after the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was uncontrolled and widespread. We assessed the magnitude of BMS distribution after the earthquake, its impact on feeding practices and the association between consumption of infant formula and diarrhoea among infants and young children.DesignOne month after the earthquake, caregivers of 831 children aged 0–23 months were surveyed regarding receipt of unsolicited donations of BMS, and on recent child-feeding practices and diarrhoeal illness.SettingCommunity-level survey in an earthquake-affected district.SubjectsPrimary caregivers of surveyed children.ResultsIn all, 75 % of households with an infant aged 0–5 months and 80 % of all households surveyed received donated infant formula; 76 % of all households received commercial porridge and 49 % received powdered milk. Only 32 % of 0–5-month-old infants had consumed formula before the earthquake, but 43 % had in the 24 h preceding the survey (P< 0·001). Consumption of all types of BMS was significantly higher among those who received donated commodities, regardless of age (P< 0·01). One-week diarrhoea incidence among those who received donated infant formula (25·4 %) was higher than among those who did not (11·5 %; relative risk = 2·12, 95 % CI = 1·34, 3·35). The rate of diarrhoea among those aged 12–23 months was around five times the pre-earthquake rate.ConclusionsThere were strong associations between receipt of BMS and changes in feeding practices, and between receipt of infant formula and diarrhoea. Uncontrolled distribution of infant formula exacerbates the risk of diarrhoea among infants and young children in emergencies.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Adopting the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes Into U.S. Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Soldavini ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Code ◽  
The World ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Health Organization

In 1981, the World Health Organization adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes ( International Code), with subsequent resolutions adopted since then. The International Code contributes to the safe and adequate provision of nutrition for infants by protecting and promoting breastfeeding and ensuring that human milk substitutes, when necessary, are used properly through adequate information and appropriate marketing and distribution. Despite the World Health Organization recommendations for all member nations to implement the International Code in its entirety, the United States has yet to take action to translate it into any national measures. In 2012, only 22.3% of infants in the United States met the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation of at least 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. Countries adopting legislation reflecting the provisions of the International Code have seen increases in breastfeeding rates. This article discusses recommendations for translating the International Code into U.S. policy. Adopting legislation that implements, monitors, and enforces the International Code in its entirety has the potential to contribute to increased rates of breastfeeding in the United States, which can lead to improved health outcomes in both infants and breastfeeding mothers.

scholarly journals Deficyty obowiązującej w prawie polskim regulacji w zakresie reklamy i innych technik marketingowych dotyczących produktów relewantnych dla ochrony karmienia piersią, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem preparatów do początkowego żywienia niemowląt. Zarys problematyki

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 79-101
Author(s):  
Anna Koronkiewicz-Wiórek
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
International Code ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Special Regard ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

THE REGULATORY DEFICIENCIES OF POLISH REGULATION CONCERNING ADVERTISEMENT AND OTHER MARKETING TECHNIQUES RELATING TO PRODUCTS RELEVANT TO PROTECTION OF BREASTFEEDING, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE INFANT FORMULAE. AN OUTLINE OF THE ISSUESThe aim of this article is to draw attention to the regulatory deficiencies of Polish regulation concerning advertisement and other marketing techniques related to products relevant to protection of breastfeeding, with special regard to infant formulas, and the evaluation of its effectiveness for breastfeeding protection. This regulation is non-transparent, heterogeneous and to a great extent unclear. It is also ineffective and insufficient for the protection of breastfeeding. It is much less rigorous than the standard established by the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes i.e. WHO Code. The main conclusion is that irrespective of the need for improvement of the promotion of breastfeeding, including lactation education of medical staff and parents, legislative changes are necessary in the field of the marketing of food intended for infants and young children, feeding bottles and teats. The best solution would be the full implementation of the WHO Code including subsequent WHA resolutions.

scholarly journals The Politics of Regulating Foods for Infants and Young Children: A Case Study on the Framing and Contestation of Codex Standard-Setting Processes on Breast-Milk Substitutes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Boatwright ◽  
Mark Lawrence ◽  
Cherie Russell ◽  
Katheryn Russ ◽  
David McCoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Codex Standard ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Breastfeeding is important for the health and development of the child, and for maternal health, in all country contexts. However, global sales of breast-milk substitutes (BMS), including infant, follow-up and toddler formulas, have ‘boomed’ in recent decades. This raises the importance of international food standards established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) on the safety, composition and labelling of BMS. Such standards appear to be strongly contested by governments, industry and civil society groups, yet few studies have investigated the politics of Codex standard-setting processes. The aim of this paper is to understand who participates in decision-making, and how actors frame and contest proposals to revise the Codex Standard on Follow-up Formula (FUF). Methods: We adopted a case study design involving two steps. First, we enumerated government, industry, civil society, and international organization stakeholders participating in standard-setting processes of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses (CCNFSDU). Second, we conducted a framing analysis of stakeholder inputs during the FUF standard revision in CCNFSDU meetings. Publicly available online meeting reports (2015-2019) were retrieved, analyzed using a theoretical framework, and organized thematically. Results: High-income country (HIC) delegates greatly outnumbered those from other country income categories. Industry representation was higher compared with other observer categories Member state delegations included more industry representation than civil society representation, and were occasionally the only member state delegates. Industry stakeholders framed arguments in terms of trade implications, science, and flexible standards. Civil society groups used public health, science, and pro-breastfeeding frames. Conclusion: Codex BMS standard-setting procedures are dominated by HICs and industry groups. Limited representation of civil society, and of middle- and low-income countries, suggest actions are needed to substantially increase support for their involvement at Codex. Such representation may help to counteract power asymmetries and commercial influences on food standards for infants and young children.

Breastfeeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The World ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Huge Variation

Breastfeeding has many benefits to both mother and infant and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. Correct positioning of the baby at the breast and social and emotional support for the mother are among other factors that are important to successful breastfeeding. The ‘Baby Friendly’ initiative sets out ten steps to successful breastfeeding and encourages maternity hospitals to implement these and become accredited. The WHO ‘International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes’ gives clear guidance on acceptable practices to formula manufacturers so that breastfeeding is not undermined. ‘Tongue tie’ has increasingly become regarded as a cause of maternal pain and difficulty latching on during breastfeeds. However, estimates of prevalence show huge variation and there is no agreed standard method of assessment. In addition, the risks of frenotomy need to be balanced against any possible benefit.

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