IV. Baron von Holstein, The “Mystery Man” of the German Foreign Office 1890–1906

G. P. Gooch

doi:10.1017/s1474691300000810

IV. Baron von Holstein, The “Mystery Man” of the German Foreign Office 1890–1906

Cambridge Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s1474691300000810 ◽

1923 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 61-84

Author(s):

G. P. Gooch

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

German Foreign Policy ◽

Modern Germany ◽

Foreign Office

Though historians are still waiting for Holstein's papers, enough material has accumulated since his death in 1909 to attempt a sketch of the man who had the largest share in the control of German foreign policy from the fall of Bismarck in 1890 till his own retirement in 1906. During his lifetime his name was scarcely known even to his countrymen; but the Memoirs of his colleagues Otto Hammann and Baron von Eckardstein, to mention only the two principal witnesses, have thrown a flood of light on the Éminence Grise of modern Germany, who, like Père Joseph, loved to work in the dark and preferred the reality to the pomp of power.

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Engaging with Public Opinion at the Micro-Level: Citizen Dialogue and Participation in German Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy Analysis ◽

10.1093/fpa/orab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Opitz ◽

Hanna Pfeifer ◽

Anna Geis

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Public Opinion ◽

German Foreign Policy ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Foreign Office ◽

Micro Level ◽

Auswärtiges Amt ◽

Over Time ◽

Western Democracies

Abstract This article analyzes how and why foreign policy (FP)-makers use dialogue and participation processes (DPPs) with (groups of) individual citizens as a source of public opinion. Taking Germany as a case study and drawing on DPP initiatives by the Federal Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt, AA) since 2014, we analyze the officials’ motivation for establishing such processes and find four different sets of motivation: (1) image campaigning, (2) educating citizens, (3) listening to citizens, and (4) changing the citizens’ role in FP. Our article makes three contributions. First, we provide a novel typology of the sources of public opinion upon which FP-makers can draw. Second, our study points to the importance of, and provides a framework for, analyzing how officials engage with public opinion at the micro-level, which has so far been understudied in FP analysis. Finally, our empirical analysis suggests that both carefully assessing and influencing public opinion feature prominently in motivation, whereas PR purposes are of minor importance. Recasting the citizens’ role in FP gains in importance over time and may mirror the increased need to legitimize FP in Western democracies vis-à-vis their publics.

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West German Foreign Policy 1949-1963. International Pressures and Domestic Response, by Wolfram F. HanriederWest German Foreign Policy 1949-1963. International Pressures and Domestic Response, by Wolfram F. Hanrieder. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 1967. 275 pp.

Canadian Journal of History ◽

10.3138/cjh.4.1.131 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 131-132

Author(s):

Leonidas E. Hill

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

German Foreign Policy ◽

Stanford University ◽

International Pressures

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Three Looks at German Foreign Policy before September 11: A Landscape Shifts

German Politics & Society ◽

10.3167/104503002782385327 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

Karen Donfried

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Decision ◽

The Political ◽

German Foreign Policy ◽

State University ◽

European Monetary ◽

Monetary Cooperation ◽

Policy Decision Making ◽

The Eu

Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, Germany’s New Foreign Policy: Decision-Making in an Independent World (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001)Adrian Hyde-Price, Germany & European Order: Enlarging NATO and the EU (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000)Matthias Kaelberer, Money and Power in Europe: The Political Economy of European Monetary Cooperation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Asle Toje

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Present State ◽

Foreign Affairs ◽

The Sun ◽

Policy Debate ◽

Imperial Germany ◽

Secretary Of State ◽

Foreign Office ◽

British Foreign Office ◽

German Parliament

We do not want to place anyone into the shadow, we also claim our place in the sun.” In a foreign policy debate in the German parliament on December 6. 1897 the German Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Bernhard von Bülow, articulated the foreign policy aspirations of the ascendant Wilhelmine Germany. This proved easier said than done. In 1907, Eyre Crowe of the British Foreign Office penned his famous memorandum where he accounted for “the present state of British relations with France and Germany.” He concluded that Britain should meet imperial Germany with “unvarying courtesy and consideration” while maintaining “the most unbending determination to uphold British rights and interests in every part of the globe.”...

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