MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKING IN GEORGIAN LONDON, 1753–1809: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE OLD BAILEY AND THE MIDDLESEX SESSIONS OF THE PEACE

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-271
Author(s):  
JENNY NEX ◽  
LANCE WHITEHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Instrument Making ◽  
Instrument Manufacture ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Online Edition ◽  
Old Bailey ◽  
Instrument Production ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Legal Procedures

Throughout the Georgian period London was the most significant British centre for musical instrument manufacture. Traditionally, research in this area has focused on the surviving instruments themselves, thereby emphasizing those makers in charge of flourishing workshops and those who were in the habit of signing their products. By examining archival sources, however, it is possible to glean a more complete picture of musical instrument production, through the identification of ‘hidden’ makers unrepresented by extant instruments, the establishment of patterns of settlement and the highlighting of relationships between different builders.Two principal sources form the basis of this study: the online edition of the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and the Middlesex Sessions of the Peace Records. While these sources are an important record of crime and punishment, it is the unwitting testimony of the trials rather than the crimes, the legal procedures or the punishments that is the primary focus of this study. Indeed, since the trials enable the identification of people involved at all levels of the musical instrument trade, it is arguable that they provide one of the most significant means of establishing some of the processes characterizing the industry during the second half of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals MAKING MARIA THERESIA ‘KING’ OF HUNGARY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
BENEDEK M. VARGA
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Legal Procedures

ABSTRACT This article examines the succession of Maria Theresia as ‘king’ of Hungary in 1741, by questioning the notion of the ‘king's two bodies’, an interpretation that has dominated the scholarship. It argues that Maria Theresia's coming to the throne challenged both conceptions of gender and the understanding of kingship in eighteenth-century Hungary. The female body of the new ruler caused anxieties which were mitigated by the revival of the medieval rex femineus tradition as well as ancient legal procedures aiming to stress the integrity of royal power when it was granted to a woman.

AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF LAW IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: GAETANO FILANGIERI AND LA SCIENZA DELLA LEGISLAZIONE

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABRIZIO SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Analysis Of Law ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Century Literature

This work presents the elements of economic analysis of law that occur in the thought of Gaetano Filangieri. In the pages of La Scienza della Legislazione the Neapolitan writer develops a utilitarian and economic investigation that pays attention to the judgments individuals make over social phenomena at the margin point. A proof of this development can be found in the explanation of the principle of decreasing marginal utility, argued in Head XXXI of Book III, which represents one of the most effective demonstrations that can be found before the end of nineteenth-century literature. The most remarkable fact is that, of all the five parts that compose the Filangierian work, the most rich in economic arguments is dedicated to “Criminal Laws.”This article will point out this and other innovative results of the Filangerian analysis, and will also offer a reconstruction of the economic theory on crime and punishment presented in La Scienza della Legislazione. Filangieri’s criminal doctrine represents a significant example of the Enlightenment antecedents of “law and economics,” as well as the better known contributions made by Beccaria and Bentham.

The Regimental Courts Martial in the Eighteenth Century British Army

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur N. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
British Army ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Great Magnitude ◽  
Military Threat ◽  
Disorderly Conduct ◽  
Military Law ◽  
The Military

In the eighteenth century, most military crimes were tried at the Regimental level. In theory, the military law of the day decreed that the General Courts Martial be reserved for major offenses: those that might result in capital sentences or lashings of great magnitude. Murder, rape, robbery, and other crimes deemed capital undgr eighteenth century civil law, were tried at the General Courts Martial, as were specific military crimes that seriously affected the ongoing life of the armed forces—mutiny, desertion, and the like. As one would expect, there were many more petty crimes than major offenses. Still, the General Courts Martial books show a surprisingly small number of cases, even in wartime, when the army grew precipitously to meet a military threat.For most soldiers, crime and punishment was administered by the Regimental Courts, yet we know very little about them. There are no Regimental Courts Martial records to speak of and few surviving accounts of their procedures. What we do know suggests that they were very important to those military officers who were responsible for the order and discipline of the British army.Until 1718, the rules and procedures governing Regimental Courts Martial were vague and uncertain. In that year, a modest attempt was made to codify RCM procedures. It was decreed that the RCM could inflict corporal punishment for such crimes as neglect of duty and disorderly conduct in quarters, among others, and that all such trials had to be conducted by five commissioned officers. Conviction was decided by a plurality of votes. Significantly, the oath, used previously when officers were called upon to serve as judge and jury, was eliminated in Regimental Courts Martial cases. As a result, the Judge Advocate noted some years later, “since that time the Prisoner has not had the benefit of that great and I may say, only security to be fairly and impartially tried.”

THE MYSTERY OF OLD BAILEY COUNSEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Gallanis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Old Bailey

This article proffers a hypothesis about a persistent historical mystery: Why did the use of defence lawyers in felony trials at the Old Bailey increase so noticeably in the last quarter of the eighteenth century?

Heterogeneity of maple wood for musical instrument making

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 3086-3086
Author(s):  
Emil Rajčan ◽  
Stanislav Urgela
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Instrument Making
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