School Resource (Police) Officers in Schools

Having police officers in schools (school resource officers – SROs) is controversial with a growing debate as their presence has proliferated nationally over the past 20 years. A majority of high schools and middle schools today have police on campus providing a variety of services, though primarily law enforcement. While the intent is to provide improved school safety and protection to students, unexpectedly this has not been the outcome for many school campuses when reviewing most criminal activity and school shootings. While the presence of SROs is complicated, the unintended impact has harmed more students than anticipated by criminalizing misbehaviors and disorderly conduct, making the learning environment less conducive by negatively changing school climates and disproportionately impacting many already at-risk young people.

The Effect of Lighting on Crime Counts

The influence of lighting on crime was investigated by considering the effect of ambient light level on crimes recorded in three US cities for the ten-year period 2010 to 2019. Crime counts were compared for similar times of day, before and after the biannual clock change, therefore employing an abrupt change of light level but without an obvious intervention such as improving road lighting in an area. The results suggest a significant increase in robbery during darkness, confirming previous studies. The results also suggest darkness leads to an increase in arson and curfew loitering offenses, and to a decrease in disorderly conduct, family offences (non-violent) and prostitution. Future research investigating the effectiveness of improved street lighting should consider that this may not be beneficial for all types of crime.

Disorderly Conduct

Van Vleck taught his students to follow the data and build simple models to explain that data. Anderson followed this advice when he assumed Charlie Kittel’s old role as the “house theorist” who helped the Bell Labs experimenters working in the field of magnetism. One of these experimenters—George Feher—used magnetic resonance to study silicon crystals “doped” with impurity atoms and found evidence that the wave functions of the extra electrons contributed by the impurity atoms possessed wave functions that were localized in space rather than delocalized. This contradicted the standard theory of electron energy states in semiconductors which predicted that all electron states should be delocalized, even if the impurity atoms were distributed randomly throughout the silicon crystal.

Home sharing, property crime and disorder

Purpose This paper aims to test the association between home sharing, property crime and disorder. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of Texas cities, this study examined the relationship between city-level home sharing density (number of listings per 10,000 residents) and five specific offenses (burglary, larceny, simple assault, disorderly conduct and public drunkenness) while controlling for the size of the local food service/accommodation and arts/entertainment sectors, economic disadvantage and other demographic variables. Findings The results suggest a statistically significant but very small association between home sharing and four of the five offenses. Research limitations/implications The primary limitations of this study are that it was limited to a single state and included only a few large cities. Practical implications There is clearly a need for many more studies of home sharing and crime using other samples and methods. If the association between home sharing and crimes is confirmed by future studies, that may affect regulation of home sharing and allocation of law enforcement resources. Originality/value Only a few studies have examined the relationship between home sharing and crime. The present study builds on that work using a sample from a new location, a different level of aggregation and previously unstudied crimes.

Health Risk Factors in American Indian and Non-Hispanic White Homeless Adults

Objectives: American Indians (AIs) are over-represented among homeless populations, but are understudied regarding their unique risk and resilience factors relative to non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults experiencing homelessness. In the current study, we aimed to address this gap. Methods: We recruited participants (108 AIs and 307 NHWs) from 6 homeless serving agencies in Oklahoma City, OK. Participants completed standard assessments of health, health behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, readiness to change endorsed health behaviors (eg, unsafe sex, fruit and vegetable intake, happiness with weight, physical activity), sleep location and quality, personal victimization, and discrimination. Results: Compared to NHWs, AIs endorsed greater alcohol use problems and were more likely to report having been arrested/booked for disorderly conduct or public drunkenness; however, AIs were less likely to report smoking cigarettes and reported greater readiness to change unsafe/unprotected sexual behaviors. Furthermore, compared to NHWs, AIs reported experiencing greater discrimination and were more likely to report sleeping outside or on the streets, versus in shelters; however, AIs reported fewer days of inadequate sleep. Conclusions: Findings suggest AI-specific risk and resilience factors for homelessness. This information can aid in treatment, service, and housing planning for this under-studied group who experiences some of the greatest health disparities.

Disorderly conduct: the community in the archive

This chapter examines the transition and alignments of communities through a consideration built around the changing role of the community in the photographic archive and the shift from subjecthood to agency. It also examines the use of the photographic archive as a means of exploring the new potentialities of the community archive. The chapter reflects on the sense of the community as pictured within the archive and the increasing potential of self-archiving and curation afforded by new digital technologies. It draws on recent projects funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Connected Communities and Digital Transformations schemes. A model in which the disruptive can be privileged and the counterfactual become an essential component of the archivist's armoury is offered.