scholarly journals Markarian survey and Markarian galaxies

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S304) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Areg M. Mickaelian
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Sources ◽  
Uv Excess ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractMarkarian survey (or the First Byurakan Survey, FBS) was the first systematic survey for active galaxies and was a new method for search for such objects. Until now, it is the largest objective prism survey of the sky (17,000 deg2). It was carried out in 1965–1980 by B. E. Markarian and his colleagues and resulted in discovery of 1517 UV-excess (Markarian) galaxies. They contain many active galaxies, as well as powerful gamma-, X-ray, IR and radio sources (Mrk 180, 231, 421, 501, etc.), BCDGs (Mrk 116) and interacting/merging systems (Mrk 266, 273, etc.). They led to the classification of Seyfert galaxies into Sy1 and Sy2 and the definition of Starbursts (SB). Several catalogs of Markarian galaxies have been published (Mazzarella & Balzano 1986; Markarian et al. 1989; Bicay et al. 1995; Petrosian et al. 2007) and they are accessible in all corresponding databases. Markarian survey also served as a basis for search for UVX stellar objects (including QSOs and Seyferts), late-type stars and optical identification of IR sources. At present the survey is digitized and DFBS database is available. I will review the main characteristics of the Markarian survey, its comparison with other similar surveys and the importance of Markarian galaxies in modern astrophysics.

scholarly journals Markarian survey and Markarian galaxies

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
A. M. Mickaelian
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Sources ◽  
Uv Excess ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Definition Of

Markarian survey (or the First Byurakan Survey, FBS) was the first systematic survey for active galaxies and was a new method for search for such objects. Until now, it is the largest objective prism survey of the sky (17,000 deg2). It was carried out in 1965-1980 by B. E. Markarian and his colleagues and resulted in discovery of 1517 UV-excess (Markarian) galaxies. They contain many active galaxies, as well as powerful gamma-, X-ray, IR and radio sources (Mrk 180, 231, 421, 501, etc.), BCDGs (Mrk 116) and interacting/merging systems (Mrk 266, 273, etc.). They led to the classification of Seyfert galaxies into Sy1 and Sy2 and the definition of Starbursts (SB). Several catalogs of Markarian galaxies have been published (Bicay et al., 1995, Markarian et al., 1989, Mazzarella & Balzano, 1986, Petrosian et al., 2007) and they are accessible in all corresponding databases. Markarian survey also served as a basis for search for UVX stellar objects (including QSOs and Seyferts), late-type stars and optical identification of IR sources. At present the survey is digitized and DFBS database is available. We review the main characteristics of the Markarian survey, its comparison with other similar surveys and the importance of Markarian galaxies in modern astrophysics.

scholarly journals Multiwavelength Search and Studies of Active Galaxies and Quasars

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Areg Mickaelian
Keyword(s):  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ir Sources ◽  
Uv Excess

The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) has always been one of the centres for surveys and studies of active galaxies. Here we review our search and studies of active galaxies during last 30 years using various wavelength ranges, as well as some recent related works. These projects since late 1980s were focused on multiwavelength search and studies of AGN and Starbursts (SB). 1103 blue stellar objects (BSOs) on the basis of their UV-excess were selected using Markarian Survey (First Byurakan Survey, FBS) plates and Markarian’s criteria used for the galaxies. Among many blue stars, QSOs and Seyfert galaxies were found by follow-up observations. 1577 IRAS point sources were optically identified using FBS lowdispersion spectra and many AGN, SB and high-luminosity IR galaxies (LIRG/ULIRG) were discovered. 32 extremely high IR/opt flux ratio galaxies were studies with Spitzer. 2791 ROSAT FSC sources were optically identified using Hamburg Quasar Survey (HQS) lowdispersion spectra and many AGN were discovered by follow-up observations. Fine analysis of emission line spectra was carried out using spectral line decomposition software to establish true profiles and calculate physical parameters for the emitting regions, as well as to study the spectral variability of these objects. X-ray and radio selection criteria were used to find new AGN and variable objects for further studies. We have estimated AGN content of X-ray sources as 52.9%. We have also combined IRAS PSC and FSC catalogs and compiled its extragalactic sample, which allowed us to estimate AGN content among IR sources as 23.7%. Multiwavelength approach allowed revealing many new AGN and SB and obtaining a number of interesting relations using their observational characteristics and physical properties.

Optical Identification of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Sources in Two 2° × 2° Fields

1997 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 427-428
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
J. Zhong ◽  
J. Wei ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sky Survey

AbstractWe used the CCD camera and spectrograph of the 2.16-m telescope of Beijing Astronomical Observatory to identify the ROSAT All-Sky survey sources in two 2° Ü 2° fields. Of a total of 16 X-ray sources, we identified 13 of them as follows: two QSOs, two Seyfert galaxies, two active galaxies, two clusters of galaxies, and five late-type stars. Three X-ray sources remained unidentified.

scholarly journals A new catalogue of quasi-stellar objects

1986 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
A. Hewitt ◽  
G. Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
Bl Lac Objects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bl Lac ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Quasi Stellar Objects ◽  
Objective Prism

We have prepared a new catalogue of QSOs and BL Lac objects containing approximately 3400 entries. A complete update of the Hewitt-Burbidge (1980) catalogue has been made with approximately another 2000 objects with known redshifts added. The references to discovery, magnitudes, redshifts, color, spectra and polarimetry have been updated for the objects listed in 1980, and complete new references are included for the new objects. In addition to the basic optical information, the new catalogue also contains X-ray, radio and infrared information for all objects. Absorption redshifts are listed when they are available. A supplementary catalogue which is now in preparation will contain similar information for objects described variously as Seyfert galaxies, N systems and AGNs. In doubtful cases we have used the operational dividing line ƶ = 0.1. All objects with ƶ < 0.1 are put in the supplementary catalogue unless their discoverers have unambiguously defined them as QSOs. With approximately twice as many objects included it is interesting to note that: a)There are still very few genuine BL Lac objects, ∼100.b)The largest number of additions has come from identifications using the objective prism-grism techniques.

scholarly journals Association of X-ray Quasars with Active Galaxies

1999 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
H. Arp
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
X Ray

Analysis of ROSAT observations demonstrate that X-ray sources are associated with bright Seyfert galaxies up to distances of about 40 arc min. These X-ray sources are predominantly identified with blue stellar objects (BSO's) some of which are already catalogued as quasars.The X-ray sources tend to pair and align across the nucleus of the active Seyfert. Enough redshifts are now available to indicate the similarities of the redshifts in the quasar pairs and to enable computation of ejection velocities of about 0.1c.

scholarly journals New Evidence for Non-Cosmological Redshift

1999 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Yaoquan Chu ◽  
Xingfen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Angular Distance ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
New Evidence

Recently Arp (1997) has published a list of x-ray emitting blue stellar objects (BSO) around 24 Seyfert galaxies. Herewith we present our optical identification of 5 BSOs in the field NGC3516 obtained on April 4-5, 1997 using the 2.16m telescope at Xinlong Station, Beijing Astronomical Observatory. One of the objects Q1107+7232 with z=2.10 (θ = 4.34′, θ is the angular distance from the center of NGC3516) is already listed in the Hewitt-Burbidge Catalog (1993). We find the other four objects are all quasars: Q1108+7226 with z=0.328 (θ = 11.23′); Q1106+7244, z=0.690 (θ = 10.23′); Q1105+7242, z=0.930, (θ = 10.990; QH05+7238, z=1.399 (θ = 7.42′) Q1107+7232, z=2.10 (θ = 4.34′)

Extragalactic X-ray sources and the diffuse X-ray background

1979 ◽  
Vol 366 (1726) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Luminosity Functions ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
X Ray Background

Results from the Ariel 5 sky survey instrument relating to the properties and the spatial distribution of extragalactic X-ray sources are discussed. The lg N -lg S relation for sources in the 2A catalogue is consistent with a uniform distribution of sources in Euclidean space. In addition, measure­ments of fluctuations in the X-ray background suggest that the Euclidean form of the source counts can be extrapolated to flux levels at least an order of magnitude fainter than the 2A catalogue limit. Information is also available from the optical identification of 2A sources which, through redshift measurements, enables the X-ray luminosity functions of the two main classes of source, namely clusters of galaxies and active galaxies, to be determined. The luminosity functions can be used to calculate the contribution of clusters of galaxies and active galaxies to the diffuse X-ray background in the 2-10 keV range. It is found that cosmological evolution of one or both populations is required to account for the diffuse X-ray background entirely in terms of the integrated emission from these sources.

scholarly journals Revised activity types for Markarian galaxies

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S304) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
A. M. Mickaelian ◽  
H. V. Abrahamyan ◽  
G. S. Harutyunyan ◽  
G. M. Paronyan
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Range ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Galaxies ◽  
Activity Types ◽  
Uv Excess

AbstractThe sample of Markarian galaxies consists of 1515 UV-excess galaxies containing many active galaxies, both AGN and Starburst (SB). Several catalogs of Markarian galaxies have been published; however activity types are based on old spectroscopic data. The SDSS spectroscopy and some other recent spectral observations allow classify or re-classify many of Markarian galaxies, altogether we have retrieved and studied 779 SDSS and 300 other spectra. Out of 779 SDSS spectra, we have classified 533 HII, 31 Composites, 12 LINERs, 4 S2.0, 5 S1.9, 8 S1.8, 5 NLS1.5, 11 S1.5, 8 NLS1.2, 21 S1.2, 4 NLS1, 4 S1.0, 2 QSO, 11 AGN (without an exact class), 52 Em (HII or AGN), 65 Abs, and 3 Stars. On the other hand, the galaxies are being classified depending on the fact in which wavelength range they have been observed and studied. E.g. some Sy2 type galaxies turn to be Sy1 when classified in IR. Many hidden AGN (in X-ray and IR) appear to be normal galaxies in optical range. So for better understanding, IR spectra are necessary as well.

scholarly journals Seyfert Galaxies and the Hard X-Ray Background: ArtificialChandraObservations of [FORMULA][F]z=0.3[/F][/FORMULA] Active Galaxies

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Peterson ◽  
S. C. Gallagher ◽  
A. E. Hornschemeier ◽  
M. P. Muno ◽  
E. C. Bullard
Keyword(s):  
Seyfert Galaxies ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Background

scholarly journals Non-solar gamma and X-ray astronomy: optical observations: (Invited discourse)

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Optical Identification ◽  
Stellar Spectrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
General Catalogue ◽  
The Continuum

An optical astronomer enters this field only by courtesy of those X-ray astronomers who pay some attention to accurate positional measurements of X-ray sources. So my first and last words are to ask X-ray observers to give more time to establishing positions of X-ray sources. It appears that in fact most effort has been spent on spectral measurements of X-rays, and this has led just to the classification of sources according to either of two mechanisms for the production of the continuum. In one or two early instances the extrapolated X-ray spectrum has been useful for predicting the brightness of the optical counterpart to be found. A typical uncertainty of making optical identification is that of Vel XR-1 for which Gursky et al. (1968) have given a position with an error box of 3 square degrees. One candidate I can suggest for this is CU Vel, the only variable star of the 1958 General Catalogue of Variable Stars inside the error box. It is interesting because it is assigned to the U Gem class with a range of photographic magnitudes from 10.7 to 15.5. The stellar spectrum has not been observed.

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