scholarly journals A new approach to estimate the in situ fractional degradation rate of organic matter and nitrogen in wheat yeast concentrates

animal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. de Jonge ◽  
H. van Laar ◽  
W.H. Hendriks ◽  
J. Dijkstra
Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Guijarro ◽  
Moisés Garcés ◽  
Pol Andrés-Benito ◽  
Belén Marín ◽  
Alicia Otero ◽  
...  

The actual role of prion protein-induced glial activation and subsequent cytokine secretion during prion diseases is still incompletely understood. The overall aim of this study is to assess the effect of an anti-inflammatory treatment with dexamethasone on different cytokines released by neuroglial cells that are potentially related to neuroinflammation in natural scrapie. This study emphasizes the complex interactions existent among several pleiotropic neuromodulator peptides and provides a global approach to clarify neuroinflammatory processes in prion diseases. Additionally, an impairment of communication between microglial and astroglial populations mediated by cytokines, mainly IL-1, is suggested. The main novelty of this study is that it is the first one assessing in situ neuroinflammatory activity in relation to chronic anti-inflammatory therapy, gaining relevance because it is based on a natural model. The cytokine profile data would suggest the activation of some neurotoxicity-associated route. Consequently, targeting such a pathway might be a new approach to modify the damaging effects of neuroinflammation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Niccolò Iandelli ◽  
Massimo Coli ◽  
Tessa Donigaglia ◽  
Anna Livia Ciuffreda

The conservation of a primary importance historical building requires organization, management, continuous updating, comparison, and visualization of a large amount of data of different nature and origin. In relation to these aspects the use of a GIS brings various advantages including single and univocal management of the entire amount of existing data in a relational, dynamic, updatable and queryable way. The integration of a mobile solution permits the updating of the dataset and checking on site all information. The workflow presented uses opensource solutions, desktop and mobile, which allows the creation of an unconventional lithological Field Mapping activity: starting from photo interpretation and in situ survey, all the coating materials (stone, etc.) of some monuments of primary historical and cultural interest have been mapped (i.e., Duomo di Firenze, Duomo di Prato). The product can be considered as a lithological cartography, vertically oriented, processed by field surveys, geognostic surveys and photo interpretation. All combined to create a “lithological” mapping of the coatings of the various monuments; the advantage is a new approach for conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage. The proposed workflow involves a mobile solution, opensource, that allows the verification and management of the database in the field.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Lukas Tirpitz ◽  
Denis Pöhler ◽  
Nicole Bobrowski ◽  
Bruce Christenson ◽  
Julian Rüdiger ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 10761-10772 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Steimer ◽  
M. Lampimäki ◽  
E. Coz ◽  
G. Grzinic ◽  
M. Ammann

Abstract. Atmospheric soluble organic aerosol material can become solid or semi-solid. Due to increasing viscosity and decreasing diffusivity, this can impact important processes such as gas uptake and reactivity within aerosols containing such substances. This work explores the dependence of shikimic acid ozonolysis on humidity and thereby viscosity. Shikimic acid, a proxy for oxygenated reactive organic material, reacts with O3 in a Criegee-type reaction. We used an environmental microreactor embedded in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) to probe this oxidation process. This technique facilitates in situ measurements with single micron-sized particles and allows to obtain near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra with high spatial resolution. Thus, the chemical evolution of the interior of the particles can be followed under reaction conditions. The experiments show that the overall degradation rate of shikimic acid is depending on the relative humidity in a way that is controlled by the decreasing diffusivity of ozone with decreasing humidity. This decreasing diffusivity is most likely linked to the increasing viscosity of the shikimic acid–water mixture. The degradation rate was also depending on particle size, most congruent with a reacto-diffusion limited kinetic case where the reaction progresses only in a shallow layer within the bulk. No gradient in the shikimic acid concentration was observed within the bulk material at any humidity indicating that the diffusivity of shikimic acid is still high enough to allow its equilibration throughout the particles on the timescale of hours at higher humidity and that the thickness of the oxidized layer under dry conditions, where the particles are solid, is beyond the resolution of STXM.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1636-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Cheng ◽  
Bian Bao ◽  
Yanhe Chen ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  

A new route to arylhydrazides involving the reaction of two highly active intermediates, the 1,3-zwitterion generated in situ from the Mitsunobu reagent and arynes, under mild conditions has been developed.


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