Prepubertal predictors for fertility in dairy cattle: potential use of metabolic hormones

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 58-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hayhurst ◽  
A.P.F Flint ◽  
P. Lovendahl ◽  
J.A Woolliams ◽  
M.D. Royal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Potential Use

The length and severity of negative energy balance postpartum is unfavourably correlated (genetically & phenotypically) with interval to first ovulation (de Vries & Veerkamp, 2000). During this period concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose, growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and other hormones, all of which have links with many aspects of reproduction, are altered. A moderate heritability and genetic correlation between these parameters in the female and male (who is ultimately of most use for selection purposes) calf with female fertility could allow juvenile selection for fertility. With this in mind the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of FFA, glucose, GH, insulin and IGF-1 concentration in male and female calves.

scholarly journals Estradiol Effects on the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Axis in Amenorrheic Athletes

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra L. Waters ◽  
Richard I. Dorin ◽  
Clifford R. Qualls ◽  
Brent C. Ruby ◽  
Richard N. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Transdermal Estradiol ◽  
Igfbp 3

Disruption of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis has been reported and studied in menopause, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and anorexia nervosa, but not in weight-stable amenorrheic athletes. We investigated the effects of short-term transdermal estradiol on basal and exercise-stimulated serum GH, IGF-1, and associated binding proteins (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3) in seven weight-stable female amenorrheic athletes with percentage body fats greater that 12%. Each subject received a 72 h placebo patch followed by 144 h of transdermal estradiol. Serum samples for GH, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 were obtained at baseline (t1), 72 hr (t2), 144 hr (t3), and during three 90-minute trials of aerobic exercise. Basal, and exercise GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-1 were not different between trials. Baseline IGFBP-3 decreased from t1 to t2 (p = 0.04) and serum free fatty acids increased from t1 to t2, and t1 to t3 (p = 0.04, and 0.02 respectively). These findings differ from postmenopausal women, and women having weightloss-associated amenorrhea, suggesting that estrogen, exercise, and nutritional deficiencies may have independent effects on the GH/IGF-1 axis. Key words: transdermal estradiol, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, free fatty acids

Human growth hormone responses to repeated bouts of sprint exercise with different recovery periods between bouts

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Stokes ◽  
Mary Nevill ◽  
Jan Frystyk ◽  
Henryk Lakomy ◽  
George Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Sprint Cycling

This study examined the growth hormone (GH) response to repeated bouts of sprint cycling. Eight healthy men completed three trials consisting of two 30-s sprints on a cycle ergometer separated by either 60 min ( Trial A) or 240 min ( Trial B) of recovery and a single 30-s sprint carried out the day after Trial B ( Trial C). Trials A and B were separated by at least 7 days. Blood samples were obtained at rest and during recovery from each sprint. In Trial A, GH was elevated immediately before sprint 2, and there was no further increase in GH following the second sprint [area under the curve: 460 (SD 348) vs. 226 min·μg−1·l−1 (SD 182), P = 0.05]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1 ( P = 0.06). Serum free fatty acids were not different immediately before each of the sprints. In Trial B, there was a trend for a smaller GH response to the second sprint [GH area under the curve: 512 (SD 396) vs. 242 min·μg−1·l−1 (SD 190), P = 0.09]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower ( P = 0.06), and serum free fatty acids were higher ( P = 0.01) immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1. There was no difference in the GH response to sprinting on consecutive days ( Trials B and C). In conclusion, repeated bouts of sprint cycling on the same day result in an attenuation or even ablation of the exercise-induced increase in GH, depending on the recovery interval between sprints.

scholarly journals Elevated free fatty acids affect bovine granulosa cell function: a molecular cue for compromised reproduction during negative energy balance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpna Sharma ◽  
Vijay Simha Baddela ◽  
Frank Becker ◽  
Dirk Dannenberger ◽  
Torsten Viergutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Negative Energy

High-yielding dairy cows postpartum face the challenge of negative energy balance leading to elevated free fatty acids levels in the serum and follicular fluid thus affecting the ovarian function. Here, we investigated effects of physiological concentrations of palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA) and oleic acid (OA) on the viability, steroid production and gene expression in a bovine granulosa cell (GC) culture model. Treatment with individual and combined fatty acids increased the CD36 gene expression, while no significant apoptotic effects were observed. Both PA and SA significantly upregulated the expression of FSHR, LHCGR, CYP19A1, HSD3B1, CCND2 and increased 17β-estradiol (E2) production, while OA downregulated the expression of these genes and reduced E2. Interestingly, STAR was equally downregulated by all fatty acids and combination treatment. E2 was significantly reduced after combination treatment. To validate the effects of OA, in vivo growing dominant follicles (10–19 mm) were injected with bovine serum albumin (BSA) with/without conjugated OA. The follicular fluid was recovered 48 h post injection. As in our in vitro model, OA significantly reduced intrafollicular E2 concentrations. In addition, expression of CD36 was significantly up- and that of CYP19A1 and STAR significantly downregulated in antral GC recovered from aspirated follicles. The ovulation rates of OA-injected follicles tended to be reduced. Our results indicate that elevated free fatty acid concentrations specifically target functional key genes in GC both in vitro and in vivo. Suggestively, this could be a possible mechanism through which elevated free fatty acids affect folliculogenesis in dairy cows postpartum.

Growth hormone responses to repeated bouts of aerobic exercise with different recovery intervals

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1093-1094
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sartorio ◽  
Fiorenza Agosti ◽  
Pier Giulio Marinone ◽  
Marco Proietti ◽  
Claudio L. Lafortuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Sprint Cycling

This study examined the growth hormone (GH) response to repeated bouts of sprint cycling. Eight healthy men completed three trials consisting of two 30-s sprints on a cycle ergometer separated by either 60 min ( Trial A) or 240 min ( Trial B) of recovery and a single 30-s sprint carried out the day after Trial B ( Trial C). Trials A and B were separated by at least 7 days. Blood samples were obtained at rest and during recovery from each sprint. In Trial A, GH was elevated immediately before sprint 2, and there was no further increase in GH following the second sprint [area under the curve: 460 (SD 348) vs. 226 min·μg−1·l−1 (SD 182), P = 0.05]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1 ( P = 0.06). Serum free fatty acids were not different immediately before each of the sprints. In Trial B, there was a trend for a smaller GH response to the second sprint [GH area under the curve: 512 (SD 396) vs. 242 min·μg−1·l−1 (SD 190), P = 0.09]. Free insulin-like growth factor I tended to be lower ( P = 0.06), and serum free fatty acids were higher ( P = 0.01) immediately before sprint 2 than sprint 1. There was no difference in the GH response to sprinting on consecutive days ( Trials B and C). In conclusion, repeated bouts of sprint cycling on the same day result in an attenuation or even ablation of the exercise-induced increase in GH, depending on the recovery interval between sprints.

High serum free fatty acids and low leptin levels: Plausible metabolic indicators of negative energy balance in early lactating Murrah buffaloes

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 7725-7733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Golla ◽  
Alka Chopra ◽  
Sanjanna Boya ◽  
Thota Venkata Chaitanya Kumar ◽  
Suneel Kumar Onteru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes

scholarly journals Effects of peroral alanine administration in lactating ewes with decreased availability of glucose

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Holtenius ◽  
Paul Holtenius
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation

The metabolic effects of a phlorizin-induced drainage of glucose were studied in six lactating ewes with or without peroral alanine drenches in a study of crossover design. Phlorizin gave rise to a small, but significant, elevation of plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. The plasma level of alanine decreased by about 30 % due to the phlorizin injections and alanine was negatively correlated to β-hydroxybutyrate. The plasma level of free fatty acids increased due to phlorizin. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by phlorizin while glucagon level showed a small but significant increase. Peroral alanine drenches to phlorizin-treated ewes gave rise to a transitory elevation of alanine in plasma. The plasma level of free fatty acids was about 40 % lower in phlorizin-treated ewes receiving alanine and β-hydroxybutyrate tended to be lower (P < 0.08). We suggest that β-hydroxybutyrate, apart from its function as an oxidative fuel, might play an important role by limiting glucose oxidation and protein degradation in skeletal muscles during periods of negative energy balance in ruminants. Furthermore, it is suggested that alanine supplementation decreases lipolysis and ketogenesis in lactating ewes.

Effects of Free Fatty Acids on Luteinizing Hormone and Growth Hormone Secretion in Ovariectomized Lambs*

Endocrinology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. ESTIENNE ◽  
K. K. SCHILLO ◽  
S. M. HILEMAN ◽  
M. A. GREEN ◽  
S. H. HAYES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion
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