Spontaneous intrauterine growth restriction due to increased litter size in the guinea pig programmes postnatal growth, appetite and adult body composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Horton ◽  
D. A. Saint ◽  
J. A. Owens ◽  
K. L. Kind ◽  
K. L. Gatford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Neonatal Growth ◽  
Size At Birth

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and subsequent neonatal catch-up growth are implicated in the programming of increased appetite, adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases. Guinea pigs provide an alternate small animal model to rodents to investigate mechanisms underlying prenatal programming, being relatively precocial at birth, with smaller litter sizes and undergoing neonatal catch-up growth after IUGR. The current study, therefore, investigated postnatal consequences of spontaneous IUGR due to varying litter size in this species. Size at birth, neonatal, juvenile (post-weaning, 30–60 days) and adolescent (60–90 days) growth, juvenile and adolescent food intake, and body composition of young adults (120 days) were measured in 158 male and female guinea pigs from litter sizes of one to five pups. Compared with singleton pups, birth weight of pups from litters of five was reduced by 38%. Other birth size measures were reduced to lesser degrees with head dimensions being relatively conserved. Pups from larger litters had faster fractional neonatal growth and faster absolute and fractional juvenile growth rates (P<0.005 for all). Relationships of post-weaning growth, feed intakes and adult body composition with size at birth and neonatal growth rate were sex specific, with neonatal growth rates strongly and positively correlated with adiposity in males only. In conclusion, spontaneous IUGR due to large litter sizes in the guinea pig causes many of the programmed sequelae of IUGR reported in other species, including human. This may therefore be a useful model to investigate the mechanisms underpinning perinatal programming of hyperphagia, obesity and longer-term metabolic consequences.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Head Size at Birth, and Outcome in Very Preterm Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-981.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Guellec ◽  
Stephane Marret ◽  
Olivier Baud ◽  
Gilles Cambonie ◽  
Alexandre Lapillonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Size At Birth

scholarly journals Altered expression of IGFs and IGF-binding proteins during intrauterine growth restriction in guinea pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Carter ◽  
M J Kingston ◽  
K K Han ◽  
D M Mazzuca ◽  
K Nygard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igfbp 3

The IGF system is one of the most important endocrine and paracrine growth factor systems that regulate fetal and placental growth. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in guinea pigs is mediated by the altered expression of IGFs and/or IGF binding protein (BP) mRNAs in tissues and is related to growth of specific tissues. IUGR was induced by unilateral uterine artery ligation on day 30 of gestation, and fetal plasma, amniotic fluid and tissue samples were collected at 55–57 days (term about 68 days) from paired IUGR and control fetuses (n=6). Western ligand blotting and immunoblotting were used to compare IGFBP levels in plasma and amniotic fluid. Total RNA was extracted from placenta and fetal tissues, and the relative abundance of IGF-II and IGFBP-1–6 mRNA was determined by Northern blotting, using species-specific probes where available. IUGR fetuses had decreased (P<0.01, by Student’s t-test) placental weight and body weight with an increase in the brain:liver weight ratio. The principal IGFBPs in fetal plasma migrated at 40–35, 30 and 25 kDa and were identified as IGFBP-3, -2 and -4 respectively. IUGR was associated with elevated plasma IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 and reduced IGFBP-3 levels. IGFBPs were detected at low levels in amniotic fluid of control fetuses but at higher levels in IUGR fetuses. In IUGR placentae, there was a small increase in IGFBP-4 mRNA (P<0.05). IGFBP-2 mRNA increased (P<0.001) in liver of IUGR fetuses. IGF-II and IGFBP mRNA expression did not change in fetal muscle. The results are consistent with reduced IGF action, directly or through inhibition by IGFBPs, particularly by circulating and tissue IGFBP-2, as a potential causal factor in decreased growth of the placenta and certain fetal tissues.

scholarly journals Intrauterine growth restriction and fetal body composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Larciprete ◽  
H. Valensise ◽  
G. Di Pierro ◽  
B. Vasapollo ◽  
B. Casalino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Influence of Litter Size at Birth on Productive Parameters in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angela Edith Guerrero Pincay ◽  
Raúl Lorenzo González Marcillo ◽  
Walter Efraín Castro Guamàn ◽  
Nelson Rene Ortiz Naveda ◽  
Deyvis Angel Grefa Reascos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Pig Meat ◽  
Size At Birth

A study was conducted at the Escuela Superior Politècnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador, to evaluate the influence of litter size of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) on their development and to establish the economic profitability of the production system. Forty-eight animals were used, distributed into litters of two, three, and four rodents per litter, with a balanced diet and green fresh alfalfa for the weaning, growth, and fattening stage, the rodents and litters were randomly selected, applying the statistical model completely randomly and evaluating different variables across 120 days. The litters of three guinea pigs obtained the best productive responses and economic profitability. With respect to sex, the males presented better productive behavior, greater economic increase, and less cost, evidencing that mixed feeding influences the number of guinea pigs per birth in terms of growth and development. The results serve to improve guinea pig meat production for the rural population.

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