Three-Dimensional Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Analysis of13NO3−Uptake and13N Distribution in Growing Kohlrabi

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wansheng Liang ◽  
Yingchun Nie ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tomography Analysis

scholarly journals Statin Effects on Vascular Calcification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Zhaojun Xian ◽  
Mimi Lu ◽  
Felicia Fong ◽  
Rong Qiao ◽  
Nikhil Rajesh Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: Statins lower cardiovascular event risk, yet, they paradoxically increase coronary artery calcification, a marker consistently associated with increased cardiovascular risks. As calcium deposits influence rupture risk due to stress from compliance mismatch at their surfaces, we hypothesized that statins may lower cardiovascular risk by altering the microarchitecture of calcium deposits. Thus, using mice with preexisting vascular calcification, we tested whether pravastatin reduces the mineral surface area of calcium deposits. Approach and Results: Aged Apoe − /− mice were treated with pravastatin or vehicle for 20 weeks. Aortic calcification was assessed by in vivo sodium fluoride labeled with fluoride 18 isotope-micro-positron emission tomography/micro-computed tomography imaging at weeks 0, 10, and 20 and by histomorphometry at euthanasia. Micro-computed tomography analysis showed that, in both groups, the amount of vascular calcification increased significantly over the 20-week period, but pravastatin treatment did not augment over the controls. In contrast, the micro-positron emission tomography analysis showed that, at week 10, the pravastatin group had less 18 F uptake, suggesting reduced surface area of actively mineralizing deposits, but this decrease was not sustained at week 20. However, a significant difference in the mineral deposit size was found by histomorphometry. The pravastatin group had significantly more aortic microcalcium deposits (<50 µm in diameter) than the controls. The pravastatin group also had more vascular cells positive for alkaline phosphatase activity than the controls. The amount of collagen and osteopontin, additional osteoblastic markers, were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that pravastatin treatment alters the microarchitecture of aortic calcium deposits with potential effects on plaque stability.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of giant cell arteritis by head-contrast three-dimensional computed tomography angiography: two case reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Kawamoto ◽  
Michihiro Ogasawara ◽  
Souichiro Nakano ◽  
Yuko Matsuki−Muramoto ◽  
Masakazu Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Introduction Temporal artery biopsy is essential for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. It has been shown that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography, magnetic resonance angiography, and ultrasonography are useful for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. However, there are only a few reports on the usefulness of three-dimensional computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. We describe two cases in which giant cell arteritis was difficult to diagnose using positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography but was diagnosed using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography, thus showing the importance of three-dimensional computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Case presentation Case 1: An 81-year-old Japanese man. Laboratory investigations revealed normocytic anemia and raised inflammatory marker levels. Slight bleeding in the right posterior pole of his eyeball and leukoma of his left cornea were observed on fundus examination. Stenosis and stoppage of the temporal artery were detected on three-dimensional computed tomography angiography. A diagnosis of giant cell arteritis was made, and he was started on orally administered prednisolone. His headache and C-reactive protein levels improved. Four weeks after glucocorticoid steroid treatment, three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed improvement in stenosis and stoppage of temporal artery. Case 2: A 74-year-old Japanese woman. A dose of 20 mg of prednisolone was administered and her polymyalgia and polyarthritis improved; however, her headache and ear occlusion persisted. Although vasculitis was not detected on positron emission tomography-computed tomography, stenosis and stoppage of the temporal artery were detected on computed tomography angiography. She was diagnosed as having giant cell arteritis and started on orally administered prednisolone treatment (60 mg daily). Her headache and C-reactive protein levels improved. Four weeks after glucocorticoid treatment, three-dimensional computed tomography angiography showed improvement in stenosis and stoppage of temporal artery. Conclusions In both patients with giant cell arteritis, three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed improvement in stenosis and stoppage of temporal artery after glucocorticoid treatment. We conclude that computed tomography angiography along with magnetic resonance angiography, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and ultrasonography are important for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

The Potential Value of Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Dual-Source Computed Tomography Imaging in Coronary Bypass Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Plass ◽  
Maximilian Y. Emmert ◽  
Oliver Gaemperli ◽  
Hatem Alkadhi ◽  
Philipp Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

<p><b>Background:</b> We evaluated how comprehensive assessment of coronary artery lesions and their hemodynamic relevance by means of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) imaging would affect decision-making in coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), compared with using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) alone.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> After undergoing ICA, 27 patients (21 men and 6 women; mean SD age, 66 � 10 years) planned for cardiac surgery were scheduled for myocardial perfusion stress/rest evaluation with [13N]ammonia PET and CT coronary angiography. Only ICA was available to the surgeon. Postoperatively, the performed CABG was compared with the hypothetical strategy based on hybrid PET/CT findings (regional coronary flow reserve [CFR], myocardial perfusion defects). Procedures included CABG (n = 18) alone, CABG combined with valve replacement (n = 6), and CABG combined with isolated valve replacement (n = 3). A total of 56 bypass grafts (28 venous and 28 arterial) and 66 distal anastomoses were placed.</p><p><b>Results:</b> CT evaluation showed 93% concordance (66/71) with ICA regarding significant stenoses, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 93.1%, 98.7%, 94.4%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the PET scan, 16 patients had 1 ischemic region, and 12 patients had 1 scar region, including 5 patients who presented with mixed conditions (scar and ischemia). One patient had a completely normal myocardium. Compared with the performed surgery, PET/CT fusion evaluation showed that of the performed anastomoses, 48% had documented ischemia (with a CFR <2 in 86%), 38% were nonischemic (although a CFR value <2 was found in 78%), and 14% had scar tissue (fixed perfusion defect).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Although <50% of bypasses were placed to areas with myocardial ischemia, the CFR was low in the majority of nonischemic regions, a finding that may have important prognostic relevance. PET/CT fusion imaging could potentially influence planning for CABG and provide incremental prognostic information.</p>

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