Molecular Orientation Depth Profiles in Organic Glasses Using Polarized Resonant Soft X-ray Reflectivity

Copper(I) chloride and bromide nanoparticle-dispersed glasses were prepared by means of a conventional copper staining. The staining was performed by the following process: copper stain was applied on the surfaces of Cl−- or Br−-ion-containing borosilicate glasses, and the glasses were heat-treated at 510 °C for various times. Typical exciton bands observed in the absorption spectra of the glasses after the heat treatment indicated that CuCl and CuBr particles were formed in the surface region of the glasses. The average sizes of the CuCl and CuBr particles in the glasses heat-treated for 48 h were estimated at 4.8 and 2.7 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles were also characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Depth profiles of Cu and CuBr concentration in the glass heat-treated for 48 h were measured. Copper decreased in concentration monotonously with depth, reaching up to 60 μm, while the CuBr concentration had a maximum at about 25 μm in depth.

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Standing wave approach in the theory of X-ray magnetic reflectivity

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577518018398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 483-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. A. Andreeva ◽

R. A. Baulin ◽

Yu. L. Repchenko

Keyword(s):

Critical Angle ◽

Specular Reflection ◽

Standing Waves ◽

Fourth Power ◽

Magnetic Multilayer ◽

X Ray ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Kinematical Approach ◽

Selection Of ◽

Higher Sensitivity

An extension of the exact X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity theory has been developed, taking into account the small value of the magnetic terms in the X-ray susceptibility tensor. It is shown that squared standing waves (fourth power of the total electric field) determine the output of the magnetic addition to the total reflectivity from a magnetic multilayer. The obtained generalized kinematical approach essentially speeds up the calculation of the asymmetry ratio in the magnetic reflectivity. The developed approach easily explains the peculiarities of the angular dependence of the reflectivity with the rotated polarization (such as the peak at the critical angle of the total external reflection). The revealed dependence of the magnetic part of the total reflectivity on the squared standing waves means that the selection of the reflectivity with the rotated polarization ensures higher sensitivity to the depth profiles of magnetization than the secondary radiation at the specular reflection condition.

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Orientation Effect in Poly (Butylene Succinate) Fibers

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110301100106 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Nakayama ◽

T. Masuda ◽

A. Cao ◽

J. Vega-Baudrit ◽

R. Pereira

Keyword(s):

Molecular Orientation ◽

Fiber Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Velocity Measurements ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

X Ray ◽

Single Screw ◽

Single Screw Extruder ◽

Structure Morphology

Fibers of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared using a single screw extruder at various take-up speeds. Changes in fiber structure, morphology and physical properties were investigated using sonic velocity measurements and X-ray diffraction. High take up speeds enhanced some of the properties of PBS fibers as a consequence of changes in molecular orientation and crystallinity. Spherulites of PBS were also obtained at 90°C.

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