The paper describes the principle features necessary for reliable and representative on-line unburned carbon-in-ash (UBC) measurement. The paper shows how modern on-line technology has been applied to obtain truly representative and reliable data for the evaluation of fly ash quality and boiler performance. To assure accurate UBC data from which to make operating decisions, one must achieve representative sampling in the ash stream, comparability of unburned carbon to loss-on-ignition (LOI) with various fuel types, a quality control regime to ensure the accuracy of the on-line measurement system in comparison with laboratory standards and auditing of the QC process.
Characterization of Unburned Carbon Content in Coal Fly Ash with Dielectric Constant Measurement