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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje M. A. De Graaf ◽  
Frank A. Hindriks ◽  
Koen V. Hindriks

The robot rights debate has thus far proceeded without any reliable data concerning the public opinion about robots and the rights they should have. We have administered an online survey (n = 439) that investigates layman’s attitudes toward granting particular rights to robots. Furthermore, we have asked them the reasons for their willingness to grant them those rights. Finally, we have administered general perceptions of robots regarding appearance, capacities, and traits. Results show that rights can be divided in sociopolitical and robot dimensions. Reasons can be distinguished along cognition and compassion dimensions. People generally have a positive view about robot interaction capacities. We found that people are more willing to grant basic robot rights such as access to energy and the right to update to robots than sociopolitical rights such as voting rights and the right to own property. Attitudes toward granting rights to robots depend on the cognitive and affective capacities people believe robots possess or will possess in the future. Our results suggest that the robot rights debate stands to benefit greatly from a common understanding of the capacity potentials of future robots.


Author(s):  
I. A. Mitroshin

The author discusses the modern research tools in various domains of science and industry based on integrated assessment of scientometric indicators and patent analysis. Excerpts of microbiological research papers published in Russia and worldwide are included. The data on researchers’ inventive work and publication activities are cited. The possibility for using patent landscapes in assessing research and industrial domains is examined. The author argues that building patent landscapes is a quality tool to identify the most promising vectors of development. He demonstrates that the most research and development activities are concentrated in the countries with the largest numbers of patent applications. In Russia, the government-funded organizations make the key driving force in the scientific studies and technologies in the national microbiology. In analyzing vast data volumes, patent landscapes enable to improve the quality of analysis visualization and get reliable data on the subject of research owing to multidimensional analytical representations. The author insists that building patent landscape services might become one of science libraries’ key functions.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hridoy Jyoti Mahanta ◽  
G Narahari Sastry

A quantifiable model to describe the peaks and gaps during the several waves of COVID 19 is generated and applied to the progression of 120 countries. The number of waves encountered and how many more to be encountered is a question which is currently explored by all the scientific communities. In the same quest, an attempt has been made to quantitatively model the peaks and the gaps within them which have been encountered by 120 most affected countries from February 2020 to December 2021. These 120 countries were ranked based on the number of confirmed cases and deaths recorded during this period. This study further cluster these countries based on socio economic and health interventions to find an association with three dependent features of COVID 19 i.e. number of confirmed cases, deaths and death infectivity rate. The findings in this study suggests that, every wave had multiple peaks within them and as the number of peaks increased, predicting their growth rate or decline rate turns to be extremely difficult. However, considering the clusters which share the common features even with diverse countries, there is some possibility to predict what might be coming next. This study involves exhaustive analysis of reliable data which are available in open access and marks an important aspect to the COVID 19 research communities.


Significance However, the signs of strain are becoming more marked. On December 15, the Central Bank of Iran (CBI) issued an official warning to all financial institutions, threatening legal penalties for bank managers who try to compensate for rising inflation by offering savers higher interest rates than is legally permitted. Impacts If US sanctions are not lifted, further economic deterioration will increase pressure on the banking system. Iran’s blacklisting by the Financial Action Task Force will be an ongoing burden for the banking sector. Tight credit will make it hard for consumers to get even small loans, such as those for which newlyweds used to be automatically eligible. There are no reliable data, but comprehensive restructuring of the banking system would likely cost hundreds of billions of dollars.


Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Mannam Veera Narayana ◽  
Devendra Jalihal ◽  
S.M. Shiva Nagendra

Low-cost sensors (LCS) are becoming popular for air quality monitoring (AQM). They promise high spatial and temporal resolutions at low-cost. In addition, citizen science applications such as personal exposure monitoring can be implemented effortlessly. However, the reliability of the data is questionable due to various error sources involved in the LCS measurement. Furthermore, sensor performance drift over time is another issue. Hence, the adoption of LCS by regulatory agencies is still evolving. Several studies have been conducted to improve the performance of low-cost sensors. This article summarizes the existing studies on the state-of-the-art of LCS for AQM. We conceptualize a step by step procedure to establish a sustainable AQM setup with LCS that can produce reliable data. The selection of sensors, calibration and evaluation, hardware setup, evaluation metrics and inferences, and end user-specific applications are various stages in the LCS-based AQM setup we propose. We present a critical analysis at every step of the AQM setup to obtain reliable data from the low-cost measurement. Finally, we conclude this study with future scope to improve the availability of air quality data.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2161 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Aditya Sai Kilaru ◽  
Prem Madishetty ◽  
Harsha Vardhan Naidu Yamala ◽  
C V Giriraja

Abstract The paper showcases the system used for automating agriculture using wireless sensor network (WSN) and weather prediction. WSN, is more efficient than IoT as it avoids connecting all the sensor nodes directly to Internet, thus reducing the traffic over Internet and energy consumption of the sensor network. The system consists of a clustered tree topology to increase the range of operation, connectivity and easily connect new nodes dynamically. The sensor nodes being the leaves, local gateways being the branches and the global gateway being the root node. The system is implemented using cost effective micro-controllers, robust communication modules and reliable data showcasing platforms. Our implementation uses weather prediction to minimize the water needed for irrigation. Thereby minimizing cost and increasing efficient usage of resources.


CALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhrotunnisa Elviana Indah Kumala ◽  
Zuliati Rohmah

This study aims to describe the types of directive acts contained in the Onward film using the theory of Keith Allan (1986). The subject of this study is the main characters of the Onward film by Dan Scanlon. This qualitative-descriptive study collected data from the main characters’ utterances of the film in the form of words, phrases, or sentences that contain directive acts in each scene of the Onward film. The researchers collected data by listening, recording, and note-taking to obtain complete and reliable data on various forms of directive acts. The researchers as the main instruments analyzed the data in four stages: identification, classification, interpretation, and conclusion. The results of the analysis of 51 directive acts show six kinds of directive acts, that is, advice, requirements, permissions, prohibitions, questions, and requests with questions as the most dominant ones.


Author(s):  
A.A. Shpak ◽  
◽  
A.A. Troshina ◽  

Purpose. To determine optimal criteria for reliable optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in patients with age-related cataract. Material and methods. We examined 83 patients (83 eyes) with agerelated cataract before and after cataract surgery. The intensity of lens opacity was assessed by the Cirrus HD-OCT signal strength and Pentacambased Scheimpflug images analysis. Clinical cataract grading was performed according to the WHO classification. Preoperative measurement was considered reliable if its' difference with postoperative measurement did not exceed 5 ?m for the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) and 8 ?m for the central subfield thickness. Results. According to the ROC analysis, only the OCT signal strength allows to distinguish reliable OCT measurements: area under the ROC-curve (AUC) of the OCT signal strength was 0.815 (95% confidence interval 0.720–0.909) for the pRNFL and 0.756 (95% CI: 0.632–0.880) for the central subfield thickness. The best signal strength thresholds for reliable data were 5.5 for pRNFL and 4.5 for the central macular thickness (considering that the signal strength is measured in integers, these values should be rounded to 6 and 5 respectively). The rest of the studied parameters had AUC less than 0.6 so they cannot be used for evaluating OCT data. Conclusion. In patients with age-related cataract, only OCT signal strength can determine reliability of the OCT measurements. The lowest signal strength for reliable data on the Cirrus HD-OCT is 6 for pRNFL and 5 for centr al subfield thickness. Key words: optical coherence tomography, cataract, retina, nerve fiber layer, lens densitometry.


Author(s):  
Alexandra Fedorets ◽  
Stefan Kirchner ◽  
Jule Adriaans ◽  
Oliver Giering

Abstract Public debates and current research on “digitalization” suggest that digital technologies could profoundly transform the world of work. While broad claims are common in these debates, empirical evidence remains scarce. This calls for reliable data for empirical research and evidence-based policymaking. We implemented a data module in the Socio-Economic Panel to gather information on digitalization in three domains: artificial intelligence (AI), platform work, and digitalized workplace. This paper describes the existing approaches to measure technological exposure, the challenges in operationalization of digital transformation in a household survey, the implemented questionnaire items, and the research potential of this new data.


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