Optical sensor system for the on-line measurement of carbon in fly-ash

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schneider ◽  
R. Chabicovsky ◽  
A. Aumüller
Author(s):  
J. J. Letcavits ◽  
Hans Conrads ◽  
Ed Shelton ◽  
Todd Sommer

The paper describes the principle features necessary for reliable and representative on-line unburned carbon-in-ash (UBC) measurement. The paper shows how modern on-line technology has been applied to obtain truly representative and reliable data for the evaluation of fly ash quality and boiler performance. To assure accurate UBC data from which to make operating decisions, one must achieve representative sampling in the ash stream, comparability of unburned carbon to loss-on-ignition (LOI) with various fuel types, a quality control regime to ensure the accuracy of the on-line measurement system in comparison with laboratory standards and auditing of the QC process.


Fuel ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (13) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Styszko-Grochowiak ◽  
Janusz Gołaś ◽  
Henryk Jankowski ◽  
Stanisław Koziński

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 4681-4686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunchun Yao ◽  
Jialong Xu ◽  
Jingbo Zhao ◽  
Kaijie Bai ◽  
Jidong Lu ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
John F. Mansfield ◽  
Douglas C. Crawford

A method has been developed that allows on-line measurement of the thickness of crystalline materials in the analytical electron microscope. Two-beam convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns are digitized from a JEOL 2000FX electron microscope into an Apple Macintosh II microcomputer via a Gatan #673 CCD Video Camera and an Imaging Systems Technology Video 1000 frame-capture board. It is necessary to know the lattice parameters of the sample since measurements are made of the spacing of the diffraction discs in order to calibrate the pattern. The sample thickness is calculated from measurements of the spacings of the fringes that are seen in the diffraction discs. This technique was pioneered by Kelly et al, who used the two-beam dynamic theory of MacGillavry relate the deviation parameter (Si) of the ith fringe from the exact Bragg condition to the specimen thickness (t) with the equation:Where ξg, is the extinction distance for that reflection and ni is an integer.


1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Mokuno ◽  
Isao Kawano ◽  
Hiroshi Horiguchi ◽  
Koichi Kibe
Keyword(s):  

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Teichgräber

A nitrification/denitrification process was applied to reject water treatment from sludge dewatering at Bottrop central sludge treatment facilities of the Emschergenossenschaft. On-line monitoring of influent and effluent turbidity, closed loop control of DO and pH, and on-line monitoring of nitrogen compounds were combined to a three level control pattern. Though on-line measurement of substrate and product showed substantial response time it could be used to operate nitrification/denitrification within process boundaries.


Author(s):  
Qiwen Jin ◽  
Xijiong Chen ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Yonggang Zhou ◽  
Yingchun Wu ◽  
...  

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