scholarly journals Role of Alternative Fuels on Particulate Matter (PM) Characteristics and Influence of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (19) ◽  
pp. 11967-11973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Fayad ◽  
Jose M. Herreros ◽  
Francisco J. Martos ◽  
Athanasios Tsolakis
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Diesel Oxidation

scholarly journals An investigation of the role of surface nitrate species in the oxidation of propene on a Pt-based diesel oxidation catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarayute Chansai ◽  
Robbie Burch ◽  
Christopher Hardacre ◽  
Harry Oh ◽  
William S. Epling
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Nitrate Species

scholarly journals Development of a Kalman filter estimator for simulation and control of particulate matter distribution of a diesel catalyzed particulate filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boopathi Singalandapuram Mahadevan ◽  
John H Johnson ◽  
Mahdi Shahbakhti
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Catalyzed Particulate Filter

The knowledge of the temperature and particulate matter mass distribution is essential for monitoring the performance and durability of a catalyzed particulate filter. A catalyzed particulate filter model was developed, and it showed capability to accurately predict temperature and particulate matter mass distribution and pressure drop across the catalyzed particulate filter. However, the high-fidelity model is computationally demanding. Therefore, a reduced order multi-zone particulate filter model was developed to reduce computational complexity with an acceptable level of accuracy. In order to develop a reduced order model, a parametric study was carried out to determine the number of zones necessary for aftertreatment control applications. The catalyzed particulate filter model was further reduced by carrying out a sensitivity study of the selected model assumptions. The reduced order multi-zone particulate filter model with 5 × 5 zones was selected to develop a catalyzed particulate filter state estimator considering its computational time and accuracy. Next, a Kalman filter–based catalyzed particulate filter estimator was developed to estimate unknown states of the catalyzed particulate filter such as temperature and particulate matter mass distribution and pressure drop (Δ P) using the sensor inputs to the engine electronic control unit and the reduced order multi-zone particulate filter model. A diesel oxidation catalyst estimator was also integrated with the catalyzed particulate filter estimator in order to provide estimates of diesel oxidation catalyst outlet concentrations of NO2 and hydrocarbons and inlet temperature for the catalyzed particulate filter estimator. The combined diesel oxidation catalyst–catalyzed particulate filter estimator was validated for an active regeneration experiment. The validation results for catalyzed particulate filter temperature distribution showed that the root mean square temperature error by using the diesel oxidation catalyst–catalyzed particulate filter estimator is within 3.2 °C compared to the experimental data. Similarly, the Δ P estimator closely simulated the measured total Δ P and the estimated cake pressure drop error is within 0.2 kPa compared to the high-fidelity catalyzed particulate filter model.

scholarly journals Accelerated performance and durability test of the exhaust aftertreatment system by contaminated biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schröder ◽  
Franziska Hartmann ◽  
Robert Eschrich ◽  
Denis Worch ◽  
Jürgen Böhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment System ◽  
Diesel Oxidation

The consumption of fossil and especially alternative fuels from renewable sources is supposed to rise in the future. Biofuels as well as fossil fuels often contain alkali and alkaline earth metal impurities that are potential poisons for automotive exhaust catalysts. The impact of these contaminations on the long-time performance of the exhaust aftertreatment system is a major concern. However, engine test bench studies consume considerable amounts of fuel, manpower and time. The purpose of this research project was to examine whether accelerated engine tests can be achieved by a modified diesel aftertreatment system in a test bench and contamination of biodiesel with known amounts of elements potentially poisoning automotive catalysts. A variety of potentially harmful elements (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P)) were added all at once to enhance the contamination level in biodiesel. A diesel oxidation catalyst and a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction reaction were placed in a stream of exhaust gas generated with a single cylinder engine. For reference purposes, a second test series was performed with a commercially available biodiesel. Catalysts were analyzed post-mortem using a bench flow reactor and X-ray fluorescence regarding their activity and deposition of the harmful elements. For both diesel oxidation catalyst and selective catalytic reduction catalysts, significant deactivation and decrease in conversion rates could be proven. For diesel oxidation catalyst, linear correlations between mass fractions of added elements and aging time were observed.

Development of a Low Emissions Upgrade Kit for EMD GP20D and GP15D Locomotives

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
John C. Hedrick ◽  
Tom Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injection Timing ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Tier 3

This paper describes the development of a low emissions upgrade kit for EMD GP20D and GP15D locomotives. These locomotives were originally manufactured in 2001, and met EPA Tier 1 locomotive emission regulations. The 1,491 kW (2,000 HP) EMD GP20D locomotives are powered by Caterpillar 3516B engines, and the 1,119 kW (1,500 HP) EMD GP15D locomotives are powered by Caterpillar 3512B engines. CIT Rail owns a fleet of 50 of these locomotives that are approaching their mid-life before first overhaul. Baseline exhaust emissions testing was followed by a low emissions retrofit development focusing on fuel injection timing, crankcase ventilation filtration, and application of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), and then later a diesel particulate filter (DPF). The result was a EPA Tier 0+ certification of the low emissions upgrade kit, with emission levels below EPA Line-Haul Tier 3 NOx, and Tier 4 HC, CO, and PM levels.

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