Using the Principles of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics To Calculate the Melting and Boiling Points, Enthalpies and Entropies of Fusion and Vaporization of Water, and the Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation of Ideal and Nonideal Aqueous Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 2205-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Halpern ◽  
Charles J. Marzzacco
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Boiling Points

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: XII. ANTIFREEZE PROPERTIES OF TERNARY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING LEVO-2,3-BUTANEDIOL AS A MAJOR COMPONENT

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (5) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Clendenning ◽  
D. E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Considerable Range

Freezing point, viscosity, and boiling point data are presented for aqueous solutions of levo-2,3-butanediol containing methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as third components. All four ternary systems show freezing points of −50 °C. and lower over a considerable range of compositions. Among the compounds tested as third components, methanol was most effective as a thinning agent and accessory freezing point depressant. The data indicate that 20% methanol–40% butanediol–40% water is suitable for use at temperatures as low as −50 °C.

A study of ionic association in aqueous solutions of bi-bivalent electrolytes by freezing-point measurements

1955 ◽  
Vol 232 (1190) ◽  
pp. 320-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Ionic Association ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Measurements of freezing-point depression with a precision of ± 0-0002° C have been made on aqueous solutions of potassium chloride and the sulphates of copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, cobalt and nickel. The results for the sulphates have been analyzed using the theory of incomplete dissociation in a manner which makes clear the physical status of the dissociation constants obtained, and the relation between the approaches associated with the names of Bjerrum and Davies. The values of the dissociation constants are compared with those obtained by other methods.

Boiling points and melting points

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sherwood ◽  
Paul Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Colligative Properties

An analysis of the colligative properties of the elevation of the boiling point and depression of the freezing point. A unique feature of this chapter is the analysis of the depression of the freezing point, which is subtly – but importantly – different from, and much more logical than, the analysis presented in many other texts.

scholarly journals XXXII.—The Boiling and Freezing Points of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions, and the Question of the Hydration of the Solute

1908 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Concentrated Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes

In this paper the results of observations of the elevation of the boiling point of aqueous solutions of electrolytes are given, and a few results of observations of the depression of the freezing point, together with conductivity data obtained by observations of conductivity at about 99·4° and 0° Centigrade.

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