Small13C/12C Fractionation Contrasts with Large Enantiomer Fractionation in Aerobic Biodegradation of Phenoxy Acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 5501-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiran Qiu ◽  
Erkin Gözdereliler ◽  
Philip Weyrauch ◽  
Eva C. Magana Lopez ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Phenoxy Acids

Anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol using GAC fluidized bed reactors: optimization of the empty bed contact time

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Wilson ◽  
Amid P. Khodadoust ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Richard C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Primary Substrate ◽  
Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds

An integrated reactor system has been developed to remediate pentachlorophenol (PCP) containing wastes using sequential anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation. Anaerobically, PCP was degraded to predominately equimolar concentrations (>99%) of monochlorophenol (MCP) in two GAC fluidized bed reactors at Empty Bed Contact Times (EBCTs) ranging from 18.6 to 1.15 hours. However, at lower EBCTs, MCP concentrations decreased to less than 10% of the influent PCP concentration suggesting mineralization. The optimal EBCT was determined to be 2.3 hours based on PCP conversion to MCPs and stable reactor operation. Decreasing the EBCT fourfold did not inhibit degradation of PCP and its intermediates, thus allowing removal of PCP at much lower detention time and resulting in a significant cost advantage. Analytical grade PCP was fed via syringe pumps into two fluidized bed reactors at influent concentrations of 100 mg/l and 200 mg/l, respectively. Acting as the primary substrate, ethanol was also fed into the reactors at concentrations of 697 and 1388 mg/l. Effluent PCP and chlorinated phenolic compounds were analyzed weekly to evaluate reactor performance. Biodegradation pathways were also identified. 3-chlorophenol (CP) was the predominant MCP and varied simultaneously with 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) concentrations. Likewise, 4-CP concentrations varied simultaneously with 3,4-DCP concentrations. A second stage aerobic GAC fluidized bed reactor was added after the anaerobic reactor to completely mineralize the remaining MCP and phenols. Data show no presence of phenol and MCP in the effluent or on the GAC. Overall, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) fed to the system was reduced from 75 g/d in the influent to less than 1.5 g/d in the effluent.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Blends Based on Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-Adipate) and Different Collagen Hydrolysates from Tanning Industry—II: Aerobic Biodegradation in Composting Medium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Altieri ◽  
Maurizia Seggiani ◽  
Alessandro Esposito ◽  
Patrizia Cinelli ◽  
Vitale Stanzione
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Thermoplastic Blends ◽  
Collagen Hydrolysates ◽  
By Products ◽  
Tanning Industry

AbstractTwo different raw hydrolyzed collagens (HCs), by-products of the Tannery industry, were investigated in blends with a bioplastic, as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), for the production of thermoplastic items for possible applications in agriculture. Chemical characterization of selected PBSA/HC blends and phytotoxicity assays on garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum L.), used as spy species, were carried out; in addition, biodegradation and disintegration of specimens were assessed under controlled composting conditions at different temperature (58 and 25 °C). Although one of the HC investigated released sodium chloride in the aqueous extract, all PBSA/HC blends, up to 20 wt.% HC, resulted no-phytotoxic and showed considerable amounts of macro- and micro- nutrients for plants (mainly nitrogen). Regardless the amount added, HCs enhanced the biodegradation rate of PBSA/HC blends in compost at 58 °C compared to pure PBSA; lowering the temperature at 25 °C, as expected, biodegradation rate slightly lowered using the same compost. Most disintegration tests, performed on dog bone samples, corroborated the results of the biodegradation tests, thus suggesting that plastic mixtures could reasonably end their life cycle in a composting facility without decreasing the quality and the safety of the resulting compost. The outcomes achieved encourage the use of raw collagen hydrolysates from tanning industry in the production of PBSA-based thermoplastic blends to produce compostable items (mulching films and/or plant pots) for more sustainable uses in agriculture and/or plant nurseries. In addition, the use of these low-cost by-products can lower the cost of final product and give it fertilizing properties for plants given the presence of organic nitrogen in the hydrolysates.

scholarly journals Sequential anaerobic-aerobic biodegradation of emerging insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila L. Madeira ◽  
Samuel A. Speet ◽  
Cristina A. Nieto ◽  
Leif Abrell ◽  
Jon Chorover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Insensitive Munitions

Binding of Certain Substituted Phenoxy-acids by Bovine Serum Albumin

Weed Research ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MATLIB ◽  
R. C. KIRKWOOD and ◽  
J. D. E. PATTERSON
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Phenoxy Acids

Oxygen-Enhanced Biodegradation of Phenoxy Acids in Ground Water at Contaminated Sites

Ground Water ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Tuxen ◽  
Lotte A. Reitzel ◽  
Hans-Jorgen Albrechtsen ◽  
Poul L. Bjerg
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Phenoxy Acids

Aerobic biodegradation characteristics and metabolic products of quinoline by a Pseudomonas strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (21) ◽  
pp. 5030-5036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Sun ◽  
Yaohui Bai ◽  
Cui Zhao ◽  
Yana Xiao ◽  
Donghui Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Metabolic Products

scholarly journals Kinetic Modelling of Biodegradability Data of Commercial Polymers Obtained under Aerobic Composting Conditions

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Ilenia Rossetti ◽  
Francesco Conte ◽  
Gianguido Ramis
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Partial Degradation ◽  
Commercial Polymers

Methods to treat kinetic data for the biodegradation of different plastic materials are comparatively discussed. Different samples of commercial formulates were tested for aerobic biodegradation in compost, following the standard ISO14855. Starting from the raw data, the conversion vs. time entries were elaborated using relatively simple kinetic models, such as integrated kinetic equations of zero, first and second order, through the Wilkinson model, or using a Michaelis Menten approach, which was previously reported in the literature. The results were validated against the experimental data and allowed for computation of the time for half degradation of the substrate and, by extrapolation, estimation of the final biodegradation time for all the materials tested. In particular, the Michaelis Menten approach fails in describing all the reported kinetics as well the zeroth- and second-order kinetics. The biodegradation pattern of one sample was described in detail through a simple first-order kinetics. By contrast, other substrates followed a more complex pathway, with rapid partial degradation, subsequently slowing. Therefore, a more conservative kinetic interpolation was needed. The different possible patterns are discussed, with a guide to the application of the most suitable kinetic model.

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