The Methylene Blue—Ferrous Iron Reaction in a Two-Phase System1

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3012-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraçkowiak ◽  
E. Rabinowitch
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Two Phase

scholarly journals Rapid Colorimetric Quantification of Lipo-chitooligosaccharides from Mesorhizobium loti and Sinorhizobium meliloti

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-865
Author(s):  
Joachim Goedhart ◽  
Jean-Jacques Bono ◽  
Theodorus W. J. Gadella
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nod Factor ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Nod factors are lipids with a chitinlike headgroup produced by gram-negative Rhizobium bacteria. These lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are essential signaling molecules for accomplishing symbiosis between the bacteria and roots of legume plants. Despite their important role in the Rhizobium-legume interaction, no fast and sensitive Nod factor quantification methods exist. Here, we report two different quantification methods. The first is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Nod factors to release N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), which can subsequently be quantified. It is shown that the degrading enzyme, glusulase, releases exactly two GlcNAc units per pentameric nodulation factor from Mesorhizobium loti factor, allowing quantification of LCOs from Mesorhizobium loti. The second method is based on a specific type of Nod factors that are sulfated on the reducing GlcNAc, allowing quantification analogous to the quantification of sulfolipids. Here, a two-phase extraction method is used in the presence of methylene blue, which specifically forms an ion pair with sulfated lipids. The blue ion pair partitions into the organic phase, after which the methylene blue signal can be quantified. To enable Nod factor quantification with this method, the organic phase was modified and the partitioning was evaluated using fluorescent and radiolabeled sulfated Nod factors. It is shown that sulfated LCOs can be quantified with this method, using sodium dodecyl sulfate for calibration. Both methods allow Nod factor quantification in parallel enabling a fast and easy detection of nanomole quantities of Nod factors. Accurate Nod factor quantification will be crucial for characterization and cross-comparison of the affinity for Nod factors of newly identified Nod factor binding proteins or putative Nod factor receptors.

scholarly journals The Pharmacotherapy of Blood Intoxication (Methmoglobinemia) Induce by Exposure to Ortho-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) in Public Protests

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Muhi N. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Methemoglobin Level ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Mild Hypoxia ◽  
Current Exposure ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: Acquired Methemoglobinemia(MetHb) is a rare, but potentially serious and unfamiliarity with this complication may delay diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Presentation: A case  of methemoglobinemia occurring in male teenage  demonstrator as a complication of re-current  exposure  to ortho-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS)  in public protests , the patient became cyanotic with a decrease in his level of consciousness, by the effect of hydrogen cyanide as by-product of (CS),  resulting in a  toxic methemoglobinemia level in his blood.  Methemoglobin is incapable of carrying oxygen and is formed when the ferrous iron in the heme molecule is oxidized to the ferric state. The diagnosis should be entertained when cyanosis, unresponsive to 100% oxygen therapy, appears suddenly, especially when exposure to an oxidant agent is established. Treatment: The patient received a 1 mg/kg dose of methylene blue intravenously. A cooximetry done 1 hour later showed a methemoglobin level of 43%. A second 1 mg/kg dose of methylene blue was given and another hour later the methemoglobin level had dropped to 13%. The patient also showed clinical improvement with resolution of the cyanosis and return of his mental status to baseline. Conclusion: Methylene blue is the specific antidote, but should be reserved for more severe cases or if co-morbid conditions make mild hypoxia un advisable.

Improved Methylene Blue Two-Phase Titration Method for Determining Cationic Surfactant Concentration in High-Salinity Brine

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (22) ◽  
pp. 11055-11061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyu Cui ◽  
Maura Puerto ◽  
José L. López-Salinas ◽  
Sibani L. Biswal ◽  
George J. Hirasaki
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Two Phase

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

Shock consolidation of Ni-Ti alloy powder

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Naresh N. Thadhani ◽  
Thad Vreeland ◽  
Thomas J. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Optical Micrograph ◽  
Shock Compaction ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Ti Powder ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

A spherically-shaped, microcrystalline Ni-Ti alloy powder having fairly nonhomogeneous particle size distribution and chemical composition was consolidated with shock input energy of 316 kJ/kg. In the process of consolidation, shock energy is preferentially input at particle surfaces, resulting in melting of near-surface material and interparticle welding. The Ni-Ti powder particles were 2-60 μm in diameter (Fig. 1). About 30-40% of the powder particles were Ni-65wt% and balance were Ni-45wt%Ti (estimated by EMPA).Upon shock compaction, the two phase Ni-Ti powder particles were bonded together by the interparticle melt which rapidly solidified, usually to amorphous material. Fig. 2 is an optical micrograph (in plane of shock) of the consolidated Ni-Ti alloy powder, showing the particles with different etching contrast.

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