Chemical Bonding, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energies of the Homonuclear 3d Metal Dimers

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 (23) ◽  
pp. 4755-4767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady L. Gutsev ◽  
Charles W. Bauschlicher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Ionization Energies ◽  
Bonding Electron

On an Ionic Approximation to Donor-Acceptor and Ion-Molecule Bonding, with Reference to Solvation Effects

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 845-854
Author(s):  
G.van Hooydonk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Ion Solvation ◽  
Electron Affinities ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Ionization Energies ◽  
Solvation Effects ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Molecule Interactions

Abstract An ionic, i. e. essentially electrostatic, approximation to donor-acceptor bonding between neutral species, ion-molecule interactions and corresponding solvation effects is forwarded. Drago's E-C equation for donor-acceptor reactions and the elimination of solvation procedure (ESP), presented by Drago et al., can consistently by incorporated in the general scheme. The theory yields further correct values for bulk ion-solvation enthalpies of cations H+,Li+,Na+,K+,Rb+ in water with the aid of ionization energies and electron affinities only. The formulae deduced for these types of chemical bonding represent the equivalent of the electronegativity-based theory for the description of ordinary chemical bonding between atoms, introduced earlier.

Über die elektronischen Energieniveaus des N-Isopropylcarbazols und seiner Radikalionen

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Klöpffer
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Electronic Absorption ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Electronic Absorption Spectra ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
Radical Ions ◽  
Ionization Energies

Abstract The first two ionization energies of N-isopropyl carbazole (NIPCA) have been determined to be 7.4 and 8.0 eV. The electron affinity amounts to 0 eV. The energy gap of solid NIPCA is estimated to be about 4.4 eV. Positive and negative radical ions of NIPCA have been prepared by electrochemical oxidation and alkali metal reduction respectively; electronic absorption spectra of the radical ions are presented.

Chemical Bonding, Electron−Phonon Coupling, and Structural Transformations in High-Pressure Phases of Si†

2006 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 3721-3726 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Tse ◽  
Dennis D. Klug ◽  
Serguei Patchkovskii ◽  
Yanming Ma ◽  
J. K. Dewhurst
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Phonon Coupling ◽  
Electron Phonon Coupling ◽  
Bonding Electron

On Drago's E-C Equation, Pearson's HSAB Rule and the Ionic Approximation to Chemical Bonding

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Van Hooydonk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Bond Energy ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Ionic Interactions ◽  
Ionic Bonding ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Chemical Behaviour

Abstract An attempt is made to explain the E-C formalism for ionic interactions in terms of the ionic approximation to chemical bonding. Dravo's E-C equation is seen to be a first approximation to the bond energy equation as it is given by the ionic bonding approach. The meaning of the ratio C/E is discussed and its relation with the hardness and softness of interacting species, as these occur in Pearson's HSAB rule, shows that the electron affinity or electronegativity of elements completely determines the chemical behaviour of ionic species. This analysis illustrates the consistency of the ionic approximation to chemical bonding.

Electron Field Emission From Diamond-Like Carbon

1996 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Robertson ◽  
S R P Silva ◽  
G A J Amaratunga ◽  
W I Milne
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Electron Field Emission ◽  
Diamond Surfaces ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Electron Field ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

AbstractThe low electron affinity of a-C:H is related to that of diamond surfaces and is studied using a chemical bonding model. The electron field emission from hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) and nitrogen modified a-C:H showing low turn on fields are described. Nitrogen improves the field emission, apparently by raising the Fermi level.

Bond Length, Polarity, and Electronegativity

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. van Hooydonk
Keyword(s):  
Bond Length ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Valence State ◽  
Ionization Energy ◽  
Definite Answer

The question of bond shortening in heteronuclear bonds is reconsidered in the light of the results obtained with an ionic approximation to chemical bonding. A definite answer can only be given when the relation between an elements valence-state-ionization energy and -electron affinity is understood. Two empirical bond shortening relations, i. e. those of Schomaker-Stevenson and Huggins, are shown to be incompatible.

Electronegativity and Electron Affinity

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-937
Author(s):  
G. Van Hooydonk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Resonance Integral ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Coulomb Integral ◽  
Hückel Method

Various consequences of the supposition that the value of the resonance integral βAB depends on the nature of the bond are evaluated within the framework of the simple Hückel method. The resulting equation for βAB in function of the polarity 1 of the AB bond is:βAB =(1-I2)-½ [C+(½) ∫ (αA-αB)dI] where αX is the Coulomb integral. A solution is proposed corresponding with βAB = βAA ·βBB)½. Further elaboration then suggests that the simple Hückel method in this form is in favour of the ionic approximation to chemical bonding. The Coulomb integral turns out to be the electron affinity, which must now be considered as the electronegativity of elements when forming chemical bonds.

Radiation-induced surface decomposition

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
M. L. Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Decomposition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electron And Photon ◽  
Surface Bond

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

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