An Event-Related Potential Investigation of Varieties of Negative Priming

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Source Density ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Prime Distractor

In an event-related potential (ERP) study of varieties of negative priming (NP), 20 participants performed two basic tasks, identification and localization. NP was established in response times (RTs) for two different conditions employed in the literature, DT (distractor-target shifts between subsequent displays), and DTTD (distractor-target reversals). With identification, there were two findings specific to DTTD: reduced amplitude of frontocentral P200 and earlier onset of response-locked lateralized readiness potential (R-LRP). The pattern suggests that DTTD probes were perceived as highly similar to the prime, causing a tendency to repeat the prime response. Identity-based DT had no significant ERP correlate but was accompanied by wrong preactivation in the stimulus-locked LRP (S-LRP). Regarding localization, P300 seemed reduced with the DTTD condition. However, current-source density (CSD) analysis suggested additional frontal and occipital N2 components, indicating inhibition of a tendency to repeat the prime response and persisting inhibition of the prime distractor location, respectively. A larger frontopolar N440 accompanying spatial NP suggested attempts to resolve conflicts occurring at late stages of processing. Data support the view of NP effects being caused by different subprocesses. Furthermore, distinct brain processes seem to underlie NP obtained from DT and DTTD conditions.

Identity-Based Crossmodal Negative Priming: Aftereffects of Ignoring in One Sensory Modality on Responding to Another Sensory Modality

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-721
Author(s):  
Ann-Katrin Wesslein ◽  
Christian Frings
Keyword(s):  
Negative Priming ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Probe Display ◽  
Distractor Stimulus ◽  
Probe Sequence ◽  
Probe Target ◽  
Prime Display ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Display Control ◽  
Prime Distractor

Abstract Negative Priming (NP) refers to the phenomenon that responses towards previously ignored stimuli, as compared to new stimuli, are impaired. That is, NP is reflected in the performance on the probe display of a prime–probe sequence. NP is established in vision, audition and touch. In the current study, we presented participants with auditory, visual, and tactile manifestations of the same temporal patterns in order to measure NP across the senses. On each trial, the sensory modality shifted from the prime to the probe. Each prime and probe display consisted of a target and a distractor stimulus, presented to the same sensory modality. On some trials, the prime distractor repeated as probe target (ignored-repetition trials), on other trials the probe stimuli had not been involved in the prime display (control trials). We observed NP between audition and touch (Experiment 1) and between vision and audition (Experiment 2). These findings indicate that the processes underpinning NP can operate at an amodal, postperceptual level.

scholarly journals Current source density approaches improve spatial resolution in event related potential analysis in people with Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Fearon ◽  
John S. Butler ◽  
Saskia M. Waechter ◽  
Isabelle Killane ◽  
Richard B. Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Current Source Density ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Source Density

scholarly journals A Signature of Passivity? An Explorative Study of the N3 Event-Related Potential Component in Passive Oddball Tasks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey ◽  
Yuri G. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Source Density ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractBackgroundMany passive oddball experiments show a sharp negative deflection N3 after P3b, peaking between 400 and 500 ms, but this wave has never been analyzed properly. We conducted five passive oddball experiments, in which the number of deviants (i.e., one or two), their alleged meaning, and their distinctiveness varied.ResultsMastoid- or common-referenced waveforms showed a fronto-central N3 in all experiments. The data were CSD (Current Source Density) transformed and underwent a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA revealed N3 containing two subcomponents with very stable peak latencies of about 415 and 455 ms, respectively. Both topography of the subcomponents and their variation with experimental conditions were very similar, indicating a midfrontal sink and a posterior temporal source. An analysis of P3a and P3b components replicated previously known effects.ConclusionsWe discuss the similarities and differences between the passive N3 and other components including the MMN, N1, late positive Slow Wave, and reorienting negativity. We also make general hypotheses about a possible functional meaning of N3; on this basis, specific hypotheses are formulated and further experiments are suggested to test these hypotheses.

scholarly journals Four-dimensional ultrasound current source density imaging of a dipole field

2011 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 113701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Wang ◽  
R. Olafsson ◽  
P. Ingram ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
Y. Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Current Source Density ◽  
Dipole Field ◽  
Source Density

scholarly journals Learning what is irrelevant or relevant: Expectations facilitate distractor inhibition and target facilitation through distinct neural mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van Moorselaar ◽  
Heleen A. Slagter
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Distractor Inhibition ◽  
Distractor Processing ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIt is well known that attention can facilitate performance by top-down biasing processing of task-relevant information in advance. Recent findings from behavioral studies suggest that distractor inhibition is not under similar direct control, but strongly dependent on expectations derived from previous experience. Yet, how expectations about distracting information influence distractor inhibition at the neural level remains unclear. The current study addressed this outstanding question in three experiments in which search displays with repeating distractor or target locations across trials allowed observers to learn which location to selectively suppress or boost. Behavioral findings demonstrated that both distractor and target location learning resulted in more efficient search, as indexed by faster response times. Crucially, benefits of distractor learning were observed without target location foreknowledge, unaffected by the number of possible target locations, and could not be explained by priming alone. To determine how distractor location expectations facilitated performance, we applied a spatial encoding model to EEG data to reconstruct activity in neural populations tuned to the distractor or target location. Target location learning increased neural tuning to the target location in advance, indicative of preparatory biasing. This sensitivity increased after target presentation. By contrast, distractor expectations did not change preparatory spatial tuning. Instead, distractor expectations reduced distractor-specific processing, as reflected in the disappearance of the Pd ERP component, a neural marker of distractor inhibition, and decreased decoding accuracy. These findings suggest that the brain may no longer process expected distractors as distractors, once it has learned they can safely be ignored.Significance statementWe constantly try hard to ignore conspicuous events that distract us from our current goals. Surprisingly, and in contrast to dominant attention theories, ignoring distracting, but irrelevant events does not seem to be as flexible as is focusing our attention on those same aspects. Instead, distractor suppression appears to strongly rely on learned, context-dependent expectations. Here, we investigated how learning about upcoming distractors changes distractor processing and directly contrasted the underlying neural dynamics to target learning. We show that while target learning enhanced anticipatory sensory tuning, distractor learning only modulated reactive suppressive processing. These results suggest that expected distractors may no longer be considered distractors by the brain once it has learned that they can safely be ignored.

scholarly journals Including the slice geometry in Current Source Density analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potworowski Jan ◽  
Ness Torbjørn ◽  
Łęski Szymon ◽  
Einevoll Gaute ◽  
Wójcik Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Current Source Density ◽  
Source Density ◽  
Current Source Density Analysis ◽  
Density Analysis
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