Spontaneous EEG Oscillations in Children, Adolescents, and Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
Adam R. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Data are presented on EEG activity in typically developing controls, focusing on the traditional delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands through childhood, with some extensions into adolescence and adults. Both eyes-closed and eyes-open resting state data are discussed. These reflections of typical development provide a framework for illustrating EEG differences in people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and its main diagnostic types, from children to adults. Comorbidity effects in the EEG of children with AD/HD, particularly comorbid reading disabilities and conduct disorders, are also described. Some recent explorations of the links between arousal/activation and EEG activity may contribute to our understanding of the functional nature of brain oscillations in this context. Other aspects of oscillatory brain activity, coherence and event-related potentials, are also briefly discussed within this framework.

Intramodal and crossmodal refractory effects: Evidence from oscillatory brain activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Davide Bottari ◽  
Sophie Rohlf ◽  
Marlene Hense ◽  
Boukje Habets ◽  
Brigitte Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Auditory Cortices

Event-related potentials (ERP) to the second stimulus of a pair are known to be reduced in amplitude. The magnitude of this ‘refractoriness’ is modulated by both the interstimulus interval and the similarity between the two stimuli. Intramodal refractoriness is interpreted as an index of a temporary decrement in neural responsiveness. So, cross-modal refractoriness might be an indicator of shared neural generators between modalities. We analysed oscillatory neuronal activity while participants were engaged in an oddball paradigm with auditory (4000 Hz, 50 ms-long, 90 db, bilateral) and tactile stimuli (50 ms-long, 125 Hz-vibrations, index fingers) presented in a random order with an ISI of either 1000 or 2000 ms. Participants were required to detect rare tactile (middle fingers) and auditory deviants (600 Hz). A time–frequency analysis of the brain response to the second stimulus of each pair (T-T, A-A, T-A and A-T) contrasting Short and Long ISIs revealed a reduced refractory effect after Long ISI with respect to Short ISI, in all pairs (both intramodal and cross-modal). This emerged as a broadly distributed increase of evoked theta activity (3–7 Hz, 100–500 ms). Only in intramodal tactile pairs and cross-modal tactile-auditory pairs we also observed that Long ISI with respect to Short ISI determined a decrease of induced alpha (8–12 Hz, 200–700 ms), a typical sign of enhanced neural excitability and thus decreased refractoriness. These data suggest that somatosensory and auditory cortices display different neural markers of refractoriness and that the auditory cortex might have a stronger low level degree of influence on the tactile cortex than vice-versa.

scholarly journals Binge drinking affects brain oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo López-Caneda ◽  
Socorro Rodríguez Holguín ◽  
Ángeles Correas ◽  
Carina Carbia ◽  
Alberto González-Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Oscillation Analysis ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Introduction: Neurofunctional studies have shown that binge drinking patterns of alcohol consumption during adolescence and youth are associated with anomalies in brain functioning. Recent evidence suggests that event-related oscillations may be an appropriate index of neurofunctional damage associated with alcoholism. However, there is no study to date that has evaluated the effects of binge drinking on oscillatory brain responses related to task performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine brain oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution in young binge drinkers (BDs) compared with age-matched controls. Methods: Electroencephalographic activity was recorded from 64 electrodes while 72 university students (36 controls and 36 BDs) performed a visual Go/NoGo task. Event-related oscillations along with the Go-P3 and NoGo-P3 event-related potential components were analysed. Results: While no significant differences between groups were observed regarding event-related potentials, event-related oscillation analysis showed that BDs displayed a lower oscillatory response than controls in delta and theta frequency ranges during Go and NoGo conditions. Conclusions: Findings are congruent with event-related oscillation studies showing reduced delta and/or theta oscillations in alcoholics during Go/NoGo tasks. Thus, BDs appear to show disruptions in neural oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution similar to those observed in alcohol-dependent subjects. Finally, these results are the first to evidence that oscillatory brain activity may be a sensitive indicator of underlying brain anomalies in young BDs, which could complement standard event-related potential measures.

scholarly journals Effects of emotional arousal in the cerebral hemispheres: a study of oscillatory brain activity and event-related potentials

2001 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Keil ◽  
Matthias M Müller ◽  
Thomas Gruber ◽  
Christian Wienbruch ◽  
Margarita Stolarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

scholarly journals Comparison of SCAT-3 Baseline Testing and P300 ERP between Seasons in University Football Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dillon J Richards
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Baseline Testing

Abstract Contact sport teams require their athletes to undergo baseline concussion testing for comparison to their post-concussion results. The standard test during this study was the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd edition (SCAT-3). Clinically used for return to play procedure, most athletes return to baseline scores 8-10 days’ post-concussion. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive means of measuring the electro-physiological function of the brain. EEGs are the summative measure of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) which are measures of brain activity after a specific event. P300 is an example of an ERP that is commonly used as a neurocognitive marker in concussion research. P300 can be further broken down into P3a and P3b, which relate to attention and decision making respectively. Using this technique, lasting functional deficits, beyond those that are highlighted on the SCAT-3 scores, have been noted. This study aims to evaluate the effect subconcussive impacts (SCI) have on SCAT-3 and electrophysiology from one season to the next in Canadian University football players over two seasons. Participants underwent standard SCAT-3 and EEG baseline testing at the beginning of two subsequent seasons. The EEG tests consist of two 5-minute baseline periods with eyes open and closed, followed by a 10-minute session collecting event-related potentials using a three-stimulus Oddball paradigm. Players mean scores showed increases in both number of symptoms (1±4.08) and symptom severity (1.9±6.6). Mean P3a and P3b latencies increased. Additionally, mean amplitudes decreased for both P3a and P3b. University Football players show physiological defects from accumulated SCI during a season. These deficits may accumulate each successive season without resolution. Due to their slow onset, evaluations of these changes are difficult identity. EEG measurements are sensitive to small changes in function and serve as an ideal tool to measure these changes. The SCAT-3 is less sensitive to these minor changes but still has value since it can be used acutely in sideline assessment of concussion.

FUNCTIONAL NEUROMARKERS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN VASCULAR DEMENTIA: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Marzena Supińska ◽  
Jolanta Górla-Półrola ◽  
Ksenia Cielebąk ◽  
Izabela Herman-Sucharska ◽  
Juri D. Kropotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neuropathological Criteria

Early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in patients with Vascular Dementia (VaD) have become vital in clinical practice, as disease modifying treatments for VaD become available. The goal of our research was to study cognitive impairment in a patient at an early stage of VaD. We evaluated latencies of the P3 GO and NOGO components of event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited in cued GO/NOGO tasks, as potential neuromarkers of cognitive im- pairment, as suggested by previous research. The patient, a right-handed, 53-year-old male with a college edu- cation, suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 2011. During this attack, which lasted for a few minutes, he was confused and had trouble speaking, trouble seeing in both eyes, difficulty walking, problems with balance and coordination, and strange behavior. Se - ven years later, in 2018, he was assessed using the HBI methodol- ogy, which consisted of recording (1) a 19-channel EEG in resting state (with eyes open and eyes closed), and (2) a cued GO/NOGO task, and then comparing the results with EEG spectra and Event- Related Potentials (ERPs) data from normative and patient data - bases. The patient died in 2019. Post-mortem studies confirmed cortical microhaemorrhages neuropathological criteria for VaD. We did not found deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) and Aβ, which fulfil the neuropathological criteria for AD. The parietal-temporal-occipital EEG power was significantly higher in all conditions in this subject in comparison to healthy controls, indicating idling of the corresponding areas. The amplitude and la- tency of the P3 GO wave were found to be intact in the subject, in- dicating normal posterior cortical functioning in the cognitive task. The latency of the P3 GO wave was found to be significantly higher in the subject, indicating impairment of engagement operations. In a GO/NOGO task, ERPs provide a useful tool for assessment of brain functioning in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Anytime collaborative brain–computer interfaces for enhancing perceptual group decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Davide Valeriani ◽  
Caterina Cinel ◽  
Luca Citi ◽  
Riccardo Poli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Perceptual Group ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractIn this paper we present, and test in two realistic environments, collaborative Brain-Computer Interfaces (cBCIs) that can significantly increase both the speed and the accuracy of perceptual group decision-making. The key distinguishing features of this work are: (1) our cBCIs combine behavioural, physiological and neural data in such a way as to be able to provide a group decision at any time after the quickest team member casts their vote, but the quality of a cBCI-assisted decision improves monotonically the longer the group decision can wait; (2) we apply our cBCIs to two realistic scenarios of military relevance (patrolling a dark corridor and manning an outpost at night where users need to identify any unidentified characters that appear) in which decisions are based on information conveyed through video feeds; and (3) our cBCIs exploit Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited in brain activity by the appearance of potential threats but, uniquely, the appearance time is estimated automatically by the system (rather than being unrealistically provided to it). As a result of these elements, in the two test environments, groups assisted by our cBCIs make both more accurate and faster decisions than when individual decisions are integrated in more traditional manners.

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