Heart Rate Variability, Homeostasis, and Brain Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Riganello ◽  
Sergio Garbarino ◽  
Walter G. Sannita
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Brain Injured

Measures of heart rate variability (HRV) are major indices of the sympathovagal balance in cardiovascular research. These measures are thought to reflect complex patterns of brain activation as well and HRV is now emerging as a descriptor thought to provide information on the nervous system organization of homeostatic responses in accordance with the situational requirements. Current models of integration equate HRV to the affective states as parallel outputs of the central autonomic network, with HRV reflecting its organization of affective, physiological, “cognitive,” and behavioral elements into a homeostatic response. Clinical application is in the study of patients with psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, impaired emotion-specific processing, personality, and communication disorders. HRV responses to highly emotional sensory inputs have been identified in subjects in vegetative state and in healthy or brain injured subjects processing complex sensory stimuli. In this respect, HRV measurements can provide additional information on the brain functional setup in the severely brain damaged and would provide researchers with a suitable approach in the absence of conscious behavior or whenever complex experimental conditions and data collection are impracticable, as it is the case, for example, in intensive care units.

Heart Rate Variability, Emotions, and Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Emotional Value

The purpose of the study was to identify significant changes in heart rate variability (an emerging descriptor of emotional conditions; HRV) concomitant to complex auditory stimuli with emotional value (music). In healthy controls, traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, and subjects in the vegetative state (VS) the heart beat was continuously recorded while the subjects were passively listening to each of four music samples of different authorship. The heart rate (parametric and nonparametric) frequency spectra were computed and the spectra descriptors were processed by data-mining procedures. Data-mining sorted the nu_lf (normalized parameter unit of the spectrum low frequency range) as the significant descriptor by which the healthy controls, TBI patients, and VS subjects’ HRV responses to music could be clustered in classes matching those defined by the controls and TBI patients’ subjective reports. These findings promote the potential for HRV to reflect complex emotional stimuli and suggest that residual emotional reactions continue to occur in VS. HRV descriptors and data-mining appear applicable in brain function research in the absence of consciousness.

Modulation of Neurocardiac Function by Oesophageal Stimulation in Humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Tougas ◽  
Markad Kamath ◽  
Geena Watteel ◽  
Debbie Fitzpatrick ◽  
Ernest L. Fallen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Autonomic Reflexes ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Beat Heart

1. The heart and the oesophagus have similar sensory pathways, and sensations originating from the oesophagus are often difficult to differentiate from those of cardiac origin. We hypothesized that oesophageal sensory stimuli could alter neurocardiac function through autonomic reflexes elicited by these oesophageal stimuli. In the present study, we examined the neurocardiac response to oesophageal stimulation and the effects of electrical and mechanical oesophageal stimulation on the power spectrum of beat-to-beat heart rate variability in male volunteers. 2. In 14 healthy volunteers, beat-to-beat heart rate variability was compared at rest and during oesophageal stimulation, using either electrical (200 μs, 16 mA, 0.2 Hz) or mechanical (0.5 s, 14 ml, 0.2 Hz) stimuli. The power spectrum of beat-to-beat heart rate variability was obtained and its low- and high-frequency components were determined. 3. Distal oesophageal stimulation decreased heart rate slightly (both electrical and mechanical) (P < 0.005), and markedly altered heart rate variability (P < 0.001). Both electrical and mechanical oesophageal stimulation increased the absolute and normalized area of the high-frequency band within the power spectrum (P < 0.001), while simultaneously decreasing the low-frequency power (P < 0.005). 4. In humans, oesophageal stimulation, whether electrical or mechanical, appears to amplify respiratory-driven cardiac vagoafferent modulation while decreasing sympathetic modulation. The technique provides access to vagoafferent fibres and thus may yield useful information on the autonomic effects of visceral or oesophageal sensory stimulation.

Heart rate variability: An index of brain processing in vegetative state? An artificial intelligence, data mining study

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 2024-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
D. Conforti ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Brain Processing

scholarly journals Effects of Different Stroking Styles on Behaviour and Cardiac Parameters in Heifers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Lange ◽  
Sandra Franzmayr ◽  
Vera Wisenöcker ◽  
Andreas Futschik ◽  
Susanne Waiblinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Gentle animal–human interactions, such as stroking, can promote positive emotions and thus welfare in cattle. While previous studies showed that stroking at the ventral neck elicited the most positive reactions in cows, intra-specific allogrooming in cattle includes different body regions and is probably guided partly by the receiver. Thus, we compared heifers’ (n = 28) reactions to stroking with the experimenter either reactively responding to perceived momentary preferences of the heifers or exclusively stroking the ventral neck. Independently of the stroking style, longer durations of neck stretching and contact occurred during stroking, supporting our hypothesis of a positive perception of stroking. We did not confirm the predicted decrease in heart rate and increase in heart rate variability, but instead found a slightly increased mean heart rate during stroking. The different stroking styles elicited differences in the heifers’ ear positions: “reactive” stroking led to longer durations of low ear positions during stroking, while during “ventral neck” stroking, the duration of back up increased. However, no other behaviours differed significantly between different stroking styles, indicating that the exact manner of stroking applied in our treatments seemed to be less important in the promotion of positive affective states in cattle through gentle human–animal interactions.

Sex differences in linear and nonlinear heart rate variability during early recovery from supramaximal exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goncalo V. Mendonca ◽  
Kevin S. Heffernan ◽  
Lindy Rossow ◽  
Myriam Guerra ◽  
Fernando D. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Supramaximal Exercise ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear

Women demonstrate greater RR interval variability than men of similar age. Enhanced parasympathetic input into cardiac regulation appears to be not only greater in women, but also protective during periods of cardiac stress. Even though women may have a more favorable autonomic profile after exercise, little research has been conducted on this issue. This study was designed to examine the cardiac autonomic response, in both male and female participants, during the early recovery from supramaximal exercise. Twenty-five individuals, aged 20 to 33 years (13 males and 12 females), performed a 30-s Wingate test. Beat-to-beat RR series were recorded before and 5 min after exercise, with the participants in the supine position and under paced breathing. Linear (spectral analysis) and nonlinear analyses (detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) were performed on the same RR series. At rest, women presented lower raw low frequency (LF) power and higher normalized high frequency (HF) power. Under these conditions, the LF/HF ratio of women was also lower than that of men (p < 0.05), but there were no differences in the short-term scaling exponent (α1). Even though both sexes showed a significant modification in linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability (HRV) (p < 0.05), women had a greater change in LF/HF ratio and α1 than men from rest to recovery. This study demonstrates that the cardiac autonomic function of women is more affected by supramaximal exercise than that of men. Additionally, DFA did not provide additional information about sexual dimorphisms, compared with conventional spectral HRV techniques.

Locating and Reducing Cognitive Load in Paced and Unpaced Tasks

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
James L. Knight ◽  
Gavriel Salvendy ◽  
Gary Endicott ◽  
Barbara Basila ◽  
Joseph Sharit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Physical Work Load ◽  
Event Timing ◽  
Extrinsic Feedback

Heart rate variability often decreases with increased cognitive load (Kalsbeek, 1971). Studies (Manenica, 1977) varying task pacing requirements unexpectedly revealed decreased SA in self-pacing (self-controlled intra-task event timing) compared to external-pacing (experimenter- or apparatus-controlled event timing). But why should self-pacing ever involve higher cognitive load? Since Ss must time events and otherwise monitor and structure their own performance in self- but not external-pacing, perhaps these responsibilities lead to higher cognitive load in self-pacing when work-rates are equated between self-and externally-paced conditions. Two experiments were conducted to examine possible sources of cognitive load in self-pacing. In Experiment II, an attempt was made to reduce cognitive load by providing new sources of extrinsic feedback on a visual display. In both studies physical work load was held constant across experimental conditions.

Heart rate variability changes induced by auditory stimulation in persistent vegetative state

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Gutiérrez ◽  
Calixto Machado ◽  
Mario Estévez ◽  
Ana Olivares ◽  
Héctor Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Persistent Vegetative State ◽  
Auditory Stimulation

Heart Rate Variability in Preterm Brain-Injured and Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Hanna ◽  
M.N. Nelson ◽  
R.C. White-Traut ◽  
J.M. Silvestri ◽  
U. Vasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Brain Injured

scholarly journals Early Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Acutely Brain-Injured Children Who Progress to Brain Death*

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Piantino ◽  
Amber Lin ◽  
Daniel Crowder ◽  
Cydni N. Williams ◽  
Erick Perez-Alday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Brain Injured

scholarly journals Combining Actigraph Link and PetPace Collar Data to Measure Activity, Proximity, and Physiological Responses in Freely Moving Dogs in a Natural Environment

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Ortmeyer ◽  
Lynda Robey ◽  
Tara McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Sedentary Bouts ◽  
Combined Data

Although several studies have examined the effects of an owner’s absence and presence on a dog’s physiological responses under experimental conditions over short periods of time (minutes), little is known about the effects of proximity between humans and freely moving dogs under natural conditions over longer periods of time (days). The first aim of our study was to determine whether the combined data generated from the PetPace Collar and Actigraph Link accelerometer provide reliable pulse, respiration, and heart rate variability results during sedentary, light-moderate, and vigorous bouts in 11 freely moving dogs in a foster caretaker environment over 10–15 days. The second aim was to determine the effects of proximity (absence and presence of caretaker) and distance (caretaker and dog within 0–2 m) on the dogs’ physiological responses. Aim 1 results: Pulse and respiration were higher during light-moderate bouts compared to sedentary bouts, and higher at rest while the dogs were standing and sitting vs. lying. Heart rate variability (HRV) was not different between activity levels or position. Aim 2 results: During sedentary bouts, pulse and respiration were higher, and HRV lower, when there was a proximity signal (caretaker present) compared to no proximity signal (caretaker absent). Using multiple regression models, we found that activity, position, distance, and signal presence were predictors of physiological response in individual dogs during sedentary bouts. Our results suggest that combining data collected from Actigraph GT9X and PetPace monitors will provide useful information, both collectively and individually, on dogs’ physiological responses during activity, in various positions, and in proximity to their human caretaker.

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