scholarly journals Observed and simulated changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerly wind-stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Swart ◽  
J. C. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Westerly Wind Stress ◽  
Hemisphere Surface

The de-correlation of westerly winds and westerly-wind stress over the Southern Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3157-3168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
L. Ruby Leung ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Zhengyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Westerly Wind Stress ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Observed El Niño SSTA Development and the Effects of Easterly and Westerly Wind Events in 2014/15

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1505-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Chiodi ◽  
D. E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Wind Stress ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Westerly Wind Events

Abstract The unexpected halt of warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) growth in 2014 and development of a major El Niño in 2015 has drawn attention to our ability to understand and predict El Niño development. Wind stress–forced ocean model studies have satisfactorily reproduced observed equatorial Pacific SSTAs during periods when data return from the TAO/TRITON buoy network was high. Unfortunately, TAO/TRITON data return in 2014 was poor. To study 2014 SSTA development, the observed wind gaps must be filled. The hypothesis that subseasonal wind events provided the dominant driver of observed waveguide SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 is used along with the available buoy winds to construct an oceanic waveguide-wide surface stress field of westerly wind events (WWEs) and easterly wind surges (EWSs). It is found that the observed Niño-3.4 SSTA development in 2014 and 2015 can thereby be reproduced satisfactorily. Previous 2014 studies used other wind fields and reached differing conclusions about the importance of WWEs and EWSs. Experiment results herein help explain these inconsistencies, and clarify the relative importance of WWEs and EWSs. It is found that the springtime surplus of WWEs and summertime balance between WWEs and EWSs (yielding small net wind stress anomaly) accounts for the early development and midyear reversal of El Niño–like SSTA development in 2014. A strong abundance of WWEs in 2015 accounts for the rapid SSTA warming observed then. Accurately forecasting equatorial Pacific SSTA in years like 2014 and 2015 may require learning to predict WWE and EWS occurrence characteristics.

scholarly journals Decadal Response of Global Circulation to Southern Ocean Zonal Wind Stress Perturbation

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1888-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry A. Klinger ◽  
Carlos Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
Wind Variability

Abstract A substantial component of North Atlantic Deep Water formation may be driven by westerly wind stress over the Southern Ocean. Variability of this wind stress on decadal time scales may lead to circulation variability far from the forcing region. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), a numerical ocean model, is used to investigate the spatial patterns and the time scales associated with such wind variability. The evolution of circulation and density anomalies is observed by comparing one 80-yr simulation, forced in part by relatively strong Southern Hemisphere westerlies, with a simulation driven by climatological wind. The volume transport anomaly takes about 10 yr to reach near-full strength in the entire Southern Hemisphere; however, in the Northern Hemisphere, it grows for the duration of the run. The Southern Hemisphere Indo-Pacific volume transport anomaly is about twice the strength of that found in the Atlantic. In the thermocline, water exits the southern westerlies belt in a broad flow that feeds a western boundary current (WBC) in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. These WBCs in turn feed an Indonesian Throughflow from the Pacific and cyclonic gyres in the far north, which are broadly consistent with the Stommel–Arons theory. The deep return flow in each hemisphere is strongly affected by deep-sea ridges, which leads to a number of midocean “WBCs.” The wind perturbation causes isopycnals to sink over most of the basin. After about 20 yr, this sinking is very roughly uniform with latitude, though it varies by basin.

Southern Hemisphere westerly wind changes during the Last Glacial Maximum: paleo-data synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 76-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Kohfeld ◽  
R.M. Graham ◽  
A.M. de Boer ◽  
L.C. Sime ◽  
E.W. Wolff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Millennial-scale variability in Southern Hemisphere westerly wind activity over the last 5000 years in SW Patagonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Moreno ◽  
J.P. François ◽  
R.P. Villa-Martínez ◽  
C.M. Moy
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Wind Activity ◽  
Millennial Scale

scholarly journals Historical and projected changes in the Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishav Goyal ◽  
Alexander Sen Gupta ◽  
Martin Jucker ◽  
Matthew H. England
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Hemisphere Surface ◽  
Projected Changes

Sensitivity of southern hemisphere westerly wind to boundary conditions for the last glacial maximum

2017 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Joong Kim ◽  
Sang-Yoon Jun ◽  
Baek-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Southern Hemisphere westerly wind changes during the Last Glacial Maximum: model-data comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Sime ◽  
Karen E. Kohfeld ◽  
Corinne Le Quéré ◽  
Eric W. Wolff ◽  
Agatha M. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial
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