Three‐Dimensional Representation of Large‐Scale Structures Based on Observations in Atmospheric Surface Layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (20) ◽  
pp. 10753-10771
Author(s):  
Hongyou Liu ◽  
Guohua Wang ◽  
Xiaojing Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Scale Structures

The Effect of Aspect-Ratio on the Development of the Large-Scale Structures in the Three-Dimensional Wall Jet

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Hall ◽  
Daniel Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Symmetric Mode ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Scale Structures

The development of the large-scale structures in three-dimensional wall jets exiting rectangular nozzles with aspect-ratios of 1 and 4 was investigated using simultaneous measurements of the fluctuating wall pressure across the jet. The pressure fluctuations in the jets were asymmetric and caused the fluctuating wall pressure to be poorly correlated across the jet centerline. A Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis indicated that both the first and second modes make similar contributions to the variance of the fluctuating pressure, and were symmetric and antisymmetric, respectively, and the interplay between these modes caused the asymmetry in the instantaneous pressure fluctuations across the jet centreline. A wavelet analysis of the instantaneously reconstructed pressure fields indicated that the fluctuations were predominantly in two frequency bands near the jet centerline, but were only contained in one band on the outer lateral edges of the jet, indicating there were two different large-scale motions present. The development of large-scale structures in the two jets initially differed in the intermediate field with the antisymmetric mode being more prominent in the square jet and the symmetric mode being more prominent in the larger aspect-ratio jet. Further downstream, the symmetric mode was more prominent in both jets.

Three-dimensional conditional structure of a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
pp. 255-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. HUTCHINS ◽  
J. P. MONTY ◽  
B. GANAPATHISUBRAMANI ◽  
H. C. H. NG ◽  
I. MARUSIC
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
High Reynolds Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
High Reynolds

An array of surface hot-film shear-stress sensors together with a traversing hot-wire probe is used to identify the conditional structure associated with a large-scale skin-friction event in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer. It is found that the large-scale skin-friction events convect at a velocity that is much faster than the local mean in the near-wall region (the convection velocity for large-scale skin-friction fluctuations is found to be close to the local mean at the midpoint of the logarithmic region). Instantaneous shear-stress data indicate the presence of large-scale structures at the wall that are comparable in scale and arrangement to the superstructure events that have been previously observed to populate the logarithmic regions of turbulent boundary layers. Conditional averages of streamwise velocity computed based on a low skin-friction footprint at the wall offer a wider three-dimensional view of the average superstructure event. These events consist of highly elongated forward-leaning low-speed structures, flanked on either side by high-speed events of similar general form. An analysis of small-scale energy associated with these large-scale events reveals that the small-scale velocity fluctuations are attenuated near the wall and upstream of a low skin-friction event, while downstream and above the low skin-friction event, the fluctuations are significantly amplified. In general, it is observed that the attenuation and amplification of the small-scale energy seems to approximately align with large-scale regions of streamwise acceleration and deceleration, respectively. Further conditional averaging based on streamwise skin-friction gradients confirms this observation. A conditioning scheme to detect the presence of meandering large-scale structures is also proposed. The large-scale meandering events are shown to be a possible source of the strong streamwise velocity gradients, and as such play a significant role in modulating the small-scale motions.

The Asymmetry of the Large-Scale Structures in Turbulent Three-Dimensional Wall Jets Exiting Long Rectangular Channels

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hall ◽  
D. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wall Pressure ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Wall Jets ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Intermediate Field ◽  
Rectangular Channels ◽  
Scale Structures

The development of the large-scale structures in three-dimensional wall jets formed using long rectangular channels with aspect ratios of 1 and 4 was investigated using measurements of the fluctuating wall pressure and point measurements of the turbulent velocity throughout the near and intermediate field. The instantaneous pressure fluctuations in both jets were laterally asymmetric causing the fluctuating wall pressure to be poorly correlated across the jet centerline. A frequency-dependent proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the fluctuating pressure measurements indicated that the first two mode shapes were opposite and each mode made similar contributions to the mean square fluctuations at all frequencies in order to capture the instantaneous asymmetry of the pressure field. The mode shapes in the intermediate field of both jets were strongly frequency dependent, and a subsequent wavelet analysis indicated that there are both large-scale horseshoe structures that span one-half of the jet and separate, smaller, near-wall structures located near the jet centerline. The initial development of the large-scale structures in the two jets differed, with the most energetic fluctuations being more antisymmetric in the square jet.

Amplitude modulation of all three velocity components in turbulent boundary layers

2014 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Talluru ◽  
R. Baidya ◽  
N. Hutchins ◽  
I. Marusic
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reynolds Shear Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Normal Fluctuations ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Cross Wire

AbstractA combination of cross-wire probes with an array of flush-mounted skin-friction sensors are used to study the three-dimensional conditional organisation of large-scale structures in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer. Previous studies have documented the amplitude modulation of small-scale motions in response to conditionally averaged large-scale events, but the data are largely restricted to the streamwise component of velocity alone. Here, we report results based on all three components of velocity and find that the small-scale spanwise and wall-normal fluctuations ($v$ and $w$) and the instantaneous Reynolds shear stress ($-{uw}$) are modulated in a very similar manner to that previously noted for the streamwise fluctuations ($u$). The envelope of the small scale fluctuations for all velocity components is well described by the large-scale component of the $u$ fluctuation. These results also confirm the conditional existence of roll modes associated with the very large-scale or ‘superstructure’ motions.

Direct numerical simulation of a three-dimensional temporal mixing layer with particle dispersion

1998 ◽  
Vol 358 ◽  
pp. 61-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI LING ◽  
J. N. CHUNG ◽  
T. R. TROUTT ◽  
C. T. CROWE
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Perturbation ◽  
Mixing Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Streamwise Direction ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Scale Structures

The three-dimensional mixing layer is characterized by both two-dimensional and streamwise large-scale structures. Understanding the effects of those large-scale structures on the dispersion of particles is very important. Using a pseudospectral method, the large-scale structures of a three-dimensional temporally developing mixing layer and the associated dispersion patterns of particles were simulated. The Fourier expansion was used for spatial derivatives due to the periodic boundary conditions in the streamwise and the spanwise directions and the free-slip boundary condition in the transverse direction. A second-order Adam–Bashforth scheme was used in the time integration. Both a two-dimensional perturbation, which was based on the unstable wavenumbers of the streamwise direction, and a three-dimensional perturbation, derived from an isotropic energy spectrum, were imposed initially. Particles with different Stokes numbers were traced by the Lagrangian approach based on one-way coupling between the continuous and the dispersed phases.The time scale and length scale for the pairing were found to be twice those for the rollup. The streamwise large-scale structures develop from the initial perturbation and the most unstable wavelength in the spanwise direction was found to be about two thirds of that in the streamwise direction. The pairing of the spanwise vortices was also found to have a suppressing effect on the development of the three-dimensionality. Particles with Stokes number of the order of unity were found to have the largest concentration on the circumference of the two-dimensional large-scale structures. The presence of the streamwise large-scale structures causes the variation of the particle concentrations along the spanwise and the transverse directions. The extent of variation also increases with the development of the three-dimensionality, which results in the ‘mushroom’ shape of the particle distribution.

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