Synoptic Meteorology Explains Temperate Forest Carbon Uptake

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C–N coupling.

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Snowmelt‐Driven Trade‐Offs Between Early and Late Season Productivity Negatively Impact Forest Carbon Uptake During Drought

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1002/2017gl076504 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 3087-3096 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

John F. Knowles ◽

Noah P. Molotch ◽

Ernesto Trujillo ◽

Marcy E. Litvak

Keyword(s):

Forest Carbon ◽

Carbon Uptake ◽

Late Season ◽

Trade Offs

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Forest Carbon Uptake and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

College Mathematics Journal ◽

10.4169/college.math.j.44.5.421 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 421-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Zobitz

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Theorem ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Carbon Uptake ◽

Fundamental Theorem Of Calculus

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High atmospheric demand for water can limit forest carbon uptake and transpiration as severely as dry soil

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1002/2016gl069416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (18) ◽

pp. 9686-9695 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Benjamin N. Sulman ◽

D. Tyler Roman ◽

Koong Yi ◽

Lixin Wang ◽

Richard P. Phillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Carbon ◽

Carbon Uptake ◽

Dry Soil

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Seasonal controls of canopy chlorophyll content on forest carbon uptake: Implications for GPP modeling

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences ◽

10.1002/2015jg002980 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 120 (8) ◽

pp. 1576-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. Croft ◽

J. M. Chen ◽

N. J. Froelich ◽

B. Chen ◽

R. M. Staebler

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Carbon Uptake

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Insights into mechanisms governing forest carbon response to nitrogen deposition: a model-data comparison using observed responses to nitrogen addition

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-10-1635-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1635-1683 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Q. Thomas ◽

G. B. Bonan ◽

C. L. Goodale

Keyword(s):

Plant Uptake ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Growth Response ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Deposition ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Biogeochemical Model ◽

N Fixation ◽

N Availability ◽

Fertilization Experiments

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a~global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C-N coupling.

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Impact of cloudiness on net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide in different types of forest ecosystems in China

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-6-8215-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 8215-8245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Zhang ◽

G.-R. Yu ◽

L.-M. Zhang ◽

X.-M. Sun ◽

X.-F. Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Ecosystem Respiration ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽

Diffuse Radiation ◽

Carbon Uptake ◽

Sky Conditions

Abstract. Clouds can significantly affect carbon uptake of forest ecosystems by affecting incoming solar radiation on the ground, temperature and other environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed the effects of cloudiness on the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) of a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest at Changbaishan (CBS) and a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest at Dinghushan (DHS) of ChinaFLUX, based on the flux data obtained during June–August from 2003 to 2006. The results showed that the response of the NEE of forest ecosystem to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was different under clear sky and cloudy sky conditions, and this difference was not consistent between CBS and DHS. Compared with clear skies, light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate (Pec,max) of CBS during mid-growing season (from June to August) was respectively enhanced by 34%, 25%, 4% and 11% on cloudy skies in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006; however, Pec,max of DHS was higher under clear skies than under cloudy skies from 2004 to 2006. NEE of forests at CBS reached its maximum when the clearness index (kt) was between 0.4 and 0.6, and the NEE decreased obviously when kt exceeded 0.6. Compare with CBS, although NEE of forest at DHS tended to the maximum when kt varied between 0.4 and 0.6, the NEE did not decrease noticeably when kt exceeded 0.6. The results indicated that cloudy sky conditions were more beneficial to carbon uptake for the temperate forest ecosystem rather than for the subtropical forest ecosystem. This is due to the fact that the non-saturating light conditions and increase of diffuse radiation were more beneficial to photosynthesis, and the reduced temperature was more conducive to decreasing the ecosystem respiration in temperate forest ecosystems under cloudy sky conditions. This phenomenon is important to evaluate carbon uptake of temperate forests under climate change conditions.

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Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Areas of Seoul with Climate Change: Implication for Open Innovation in Environmental Industry

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc4040048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 48 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sang-Don Lee ◽

Sun-Soon Kwon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Forest Carbon ◽

Carbon Pool ◽

Human Interference ◽

Decrease Rate ◽

Atmospheric Carbon ◽

Potential Climate Change

This study estimates the impact of potential climate change, and human interference (anthropogenic deforestation), on temperate forest carbon pool change in the capital area of South Korea, using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). Additionally, the characteristics of forest carbon pool change were simulated based on a biogeochemical module. The change of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is deeply related to the change of the forest carbon pool, which is estimated with the measures of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Soil Carbon Storage (SCS). NPP and SCS were estimated at 2.02–7.43 tC ha−1 year−1 and 34.55–84.81 tC ha−1, respectively, during the period 1971–2000. SCS showed a significant decreasing tendency under the conditions of increasing air temperature, and precipitation, in the near future (2021–2050), and far future (2071–2100), which were simulated with future-climate scenario data without any human interference. Besides, it is estimated that the temporal change in NPP indicates only a small decrease, which is little influenced by potential climate change. In the case of potential climate change plus human interference, the decrease rate of NPP and SCS were simulated at 17–33% and 21–46%, respectively, during 2000–2100. Furthermore, the effect of potential human interference contributes to 83–93% and 61–54% of the decrease rate of NPP and SCS, respectively. The decline in the forest carbon pool simulated in this study can play a positive role in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the effect of potential human interference can further accelerate the decline of the temperate forest carbon pool. For the effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in urbanizing areas, it would be more effective to control human interference. Consequently, this study suggests that a rate of reforestation corresponding to the deforestation rate should be at least maintained, with long term monitoring and modeling-related studies, against climate change problems.

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