Cool Skin Effect and its Impact on the Computation of the Latent Heat Flux in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongwang Zhang ◽  
Fenghua Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Dongxiao Wang ◽  
Sergey K. Gulev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
South China ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Cool Skin

scholarly journals Variations of latent heat flux during tropical cyclones over the South China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumin Chen ◽  
Weibiao Li ◽  
Youyu Lu ◽  
Zhiping Wen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

Biases of five latent heat flux products and their impacts on mixed-layer temperature estimates in the South China Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 5088-5104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Rongwang Zhang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Lili Zeng ◽  
Fei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mixed Layer Temperature

scholarly journals Validation of Satellite-Derived Daily Latent Heat Flux over the South China Sea, Compared with Observations and Five Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1820-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxiao Wang ◽  
Lili Zeng ◽  
Xixi Li ◽  
Ping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere

Abstract This study describes the development of the South China Sea (SCS) daily satellite-derived latent heat flux (SCSSLH) for the period of 1998–2011 at 0.25° × 0.25° resolution using data mainly from the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). Flux-related variables of daily TMI data smoothed with 3-day running mean were finally chosen because of the best fit with the 1727 high-quality observations from seven moored stations and 24 ship surveys. Near-surface air specific humidity was computed using the global relationship based on satellite precipitable water. Verification against 1016 high-resolution radiosonde profiles from 1998 to 2012 and the time series from the Xisha automatic weather station during 2008–10 indicate that this satellite-derived air specific humidity can reasonably capture observed mean condition and temporal variability. They are therefore used to derive SCSSLH based on the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment version 3.0 (COARE 3.0) algorithm. Compared with five other latent heat flux products—the Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes version 2 (GSSTF2), the objectively analyzed air–sea heat fluxes (OAFlux), the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data version 3 (HOAPS3), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-2), and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)—the daily SCSSLH shows the highest spatial resolution and realistic values in the SCS, with an exception along the northern continental shelf. More importantly, the other five products seem to overestimate the latent heat flux systematically. The flux representation in this study comes not only with a better flux algorithm but also with the improved estimates of bulk variables based on in situ measurements, which further highlights the unique role of high-quality meteorological measurements and atmospheric weather stations in evaluating the air–sea interaction in the SCS.

scholarly journals The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment—Boundary Layer Height (SCSMEX-BLH): Experimental Design and Preliminary Results

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 5035-5053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Huang ◽  
Weikang Mao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Active Period ◽  
The South ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Boundary Layer Height

Abstract Knowing the relationship between local convective precipitation and boundary layer processes is critical for forecasting rainstorms. For the South China Sea area, such a forecast is particularly important during the monsoon season. During such a season, the authors examined the boundary layer features at three sites as part of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment—Boundary Layer Height (SCSMEX-BLH) experiment. The sites are spread from inland to over sea along a 43.4-km line. Here the authors analyze SCSMEX-BLH data from an intensive observing period that includes a convectively suppressed (inactive) period, a period influenced by a tropical storm, and a convectively active monsoon period. Some preliminary findings include the following: 1) The absorption of shortwave radiation over the sea is the primary driver of the land–sea temperature difference. The difference produces a diurnal variation below 400 m, with a warmer surface layer over the coast at night. 2) In the inactive and storm periods, the sensible heat flux is larger than that in the active period, whereas in the active period, the heat flux (primarily latent heat flux) over sea is significant. Also in the active period, the depth of the mixed layer inland is smaller than that in other periods, but the depth on the coast is always higher than that in other periods. 3) In the active period at night, as a monsoon vapor surge advects horizontally over the warm sea surface, a large latent heat flux driven by strong winds aids the growth of marine cumulus, which eventually develop into inland cumulonimbus bringing inland rainfall.

scholarly journals Diversity of Marine Heatwaves in the South China Sea regulated by the ENSO phase

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Congwen Zhu ◽  
Boqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
South China ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
La Niña ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
La Nina

Abstract Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) have dramatic impacts on local ecosystems, fisheries, and aquacultures. Our results show that SCS MHWs were strongly regulated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with a distinct life cycle during 1982–2018. Based on the ENSO-associated sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) warming peaks in the SCS, we can classify SCS MHWs into three categories, namely, El Niño-P1 during the first warming peak of El Niño from September to the following February, El Niño-P2 during the second warming peak of El Niño from the following June to September, and La Niña-P1 during the single warming peak of La Niña from the following February to May. The three types of SCS MHWs are all affected by the lower-level enhanced anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNP), but their physical mechanisms are quite different. In El Niño-P1, SCS MHWs are mostly induced by enhanced net downward shortwave radiation and reduced latent heat flux loss over the southwestern and northern SCS, respectively. In El Niño-P2, SCS MHWs are primarily attributed to weaker entrainment cooling caused by a local enhanced anticyclone and stronger Ekman downwelling in the central-northern SCS. However, in La Niña-P1, SCS MHWs are mainly contributed by the reduced latent heat loss due to the weaker WNP anticyclone centered east of the Philippines on the pentad timescale. The distinct spatial distributions of MHWs show phase locking with ENSO-associated SCS SSTA warming, which provides a potential seasonal forecast of SCS MHWs according to the ENSO phase.

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