scholarly journals Preferential energization of lower‐charge‐state heavier ions in the near‐Earth magnetotail

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Keika ◽  
S. Kasahara ◽  
S. Yokota ◽  
M. Hoshino ◽  
K. Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Lower Charge State ◽  
Lower Charge

scholarly journals Suppression of the lower charge state ions in the external accumulation RF multipole with a reduced trapping DC potential

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Tolmachev ◽  
Andrey N. Vilkov ◽  
Ljiljana Paša-Tolic ◽  
Harold R. Udseth ◽  
Richard D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Lower Charge State ◽  
Dc Potential ◽  
Lower Charge

Comparison of a + T-Rich Oligonucleotides with and without Self-Complementary Sequence Using Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renfang Song ◽  
Wenbing Zhang ◽  
Huayong Chen ◽  
Huimin Ma ◽  
Yulian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Complementary Sequence ◽  
Complementary Sequences ◽  
Lower Charge

Both A + T-rich oligonucleotides with and without self-complementary sequences were analyzed using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IP-RP-HPLC/ESI-MS) by tryethylammonium acetate (TEAA) and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) buffer systems to study the characteristics of their retention behavior and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) response. The results indicated that the chain length had the same effect on the retention of A + T-rich oligonucleotides in both of TEAA and HFIP buffer systems but the sequence had a different impact on the retention in the two buffer systems. A + T-rich oligonucleotides with a self-complementary sequence were much shorter than those without in the TEAA buffer system whereas a slight difference was observed in the HFIP buffer system. Similar total ion current (TIC) intensity was observed both in oligonucleotides with or without self-complementary sequence. The opposite trend of a change in the TIC intensities with increasing chain length were observed in both the TEAA and HFIP buffer systems. A lower charge state was predominant in the TEAA buffer system whereas a higher charge state was mainly distributed in the HFIP buffer system. The oligonucleotides without self-complementary sequences had a higher charge state than those with self-complementary sequences. A- and T- are more esily formed at a higher charge state whereas the sequence fragments will be formed more easily at a lower charge state in both A + T-rich oligonucleotides with and without self-complementary sequences.

scholarly journals Dependence of silicon ablation regimes on fluence during ultrafast laser irradiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Polek ◽  
A. Hassanein
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Ablation ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Average Charge ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Average Charge State ◽  
Lower Charge

AbstractModels and experiments were developed to study femtosecond laser ablation of silicon using 800 nm, 40 fs pulses with fluences ranging from 0.5 to 35 J/cm2. At low fluences, ablation was found to occur due to bubble formation and splashing within the melt layer. At higher fluences, it was found that the ablation depth exceeded the melt layer depth due to shockwave ablation. The variation in ion flux and ion velocity was also studied both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the variation in ion flux is mainly dependent on the variation in the average charge state, with only a small variation in the total number of ions above $\sim \!\!1.5\; \,{\rm J/c}{{\rm m}^2}$. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental ion flux showed that higher charge state ions received greater portion of the laser energy compared with lower charge state ions.

scholarly journals Measurements of charge state distributions of 0.74 and 1.4  MeV/u heavy ions passing through dilute gases

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Scharrer ◽  
Ch. E. Düllmann ◽  
W. Barth ◽  
J. Khuyagbaatar ◽  
A. Yakushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Dilute Gases ◽  
Charge State Distributions

scholarly journals Ion–ion reactions with fixed-charge modified proteins to produce ions in a single, very high charge state

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. Frey ◽  
Casey J. Krusemark ◽  
Aaron R. Ledvina ◽  
Joshua J. Coon ◽  
Peter J. Belshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
High Charge State ◽  
Fixed Charge ◽  
High Charge ◽  
Modified Proteins ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Interplay of Anionic Quasi-Atoms and Interstitial Point Defects in Electrides: Abnormal Interstice Occupation and Colossal Charge State of Point Defects in Dense fcc-Lithium

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 6130-6139
Author(s):  
Leilei Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Shourui Li ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Xiaozhen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge State ◽  
Point Defects

The influence of nonthermal particles and radiation on the charge state of heavy ions in solar cosmic rays

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-768
Author(s):  
Yu. Yu. Kartavykh ◽  
V. M. Ostryakov ◽  
E. Möbius ◽  
M. A. Popecki
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Charge State ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Nonthermal Particles
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