Extreme Ozone Loss Following Nuclear War Results in Enhanced Surface Ultraviolet Radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Bardeen ◽  
Douglas E. Kinnison ◽  
Owen B. Toon ◽  
Michael J. Mills ◽  
Francis Vitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Enhanced Surface

scholarly journals Exceptional loss in ozone in the Arctic winter/spring of 2019/2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 14019-14037
Author(s):  
Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath ◽  
Wuhu Feng ◽  
Rolf Müller ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sarath Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Loss ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Severe vortex-wide ozone loss in the Arctic would expose both ecosystems and several millions of people to unhealthy ultraviolet radiation. Adding to these worries, and extreme events as the harbingers of climate change, exceptionally low ozone with column values below 220 DU occurred over the Arctic in March and April 2020. Sporadic occurrences of low ozone with less than 220 DU at different regions of the vortex for almost 3 weeks were found for the first time in the observed history in the Arctic. Furthermore, a large ozone loss of about 2.0–3.4 ppmv triggered by an unprecedented chlorine activation (1.5–2.2 ppbv) matching the levels occurring in the Antarctic was also observed. The polar processing situation led to the first-ever appearance of loss saturation in the Arctic. Apart from these, there were also ozone-mini holes in December 2019 and January 2020 driven by atmospheric dynamics. The large loss in ozone in the colder Arctic winters is intriguing and demands rigorous monitoring of the region.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

803: Interactions Between Ultraviolet Radiation and Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Mediate Prostate Cancer Susceptibility

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Rukin ◽  
Samuel J. Moon ◽  
Dhaval Bodiwala ◽  
Christopher J. Luscombe ◽  
Mark F. Saxby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor Gene ◽  
Prostate Cancer Susceptibility

The potential contribution of psychology to nuclear war issues.

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Intriligator ◽  
Dagobert L. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Nuclear War

Forum: Nuclear war: a personal response

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear War
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