Source time functions of nuclear explosions and earthquakes in central Asia determined using empirical Green's functions

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (B1) ◽  
pp. 659-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingping Li ◽  
M. Nafi Toksöz ◽  
William Rodi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Empirical Green’S Functions ◽  
Empirical Green's Functions

Discrimination of explosions from simultaneous mining blasts

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Underground Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Empirical Green’S Functions ◽  
Empirical Green's Functions

Abstract Large mining blasts can complicate the identification and discrimination of small underground nuclear explosions and may offer evasion opportunities. Mining blasts typically show a unique spectral signature: spectral reinforcements associated with time-delayed detonations between adjacent shot holes or rows of shots. Discrimination of a nuclear detonation that is simultaneous with a mining blast must depend upon recognizing significant spectral or waveform abnormalities within seismic signals from the mining blasts. In this investigation, large, simultaneous detonations within mining blasts are simulated for observed explosions from the Mesabi Range in Minnesota and for a series of quarry blasts at the Kaiser Permanente Quarry in Cupertino, California, which included a simultaneous detonation conducted by Lee et al. (1989). The Mesabi explosions are examples of large, ripple-fired blasts with known blast patterns (Smith, 1989). The models suggest that a large, single, deeply buried explosion dominates the waveform signature if it contains more than 5 to 15% of the total explosive in the mining blast. Spectral signatures of these combined explosions still show periodicities characteristic of ripple firing; however, their amplitude is greatly reduced. Inclusion of a deep simultaneous shot accentuates the high-frequency spectrum. If single explosions are sufficiently close to the combined quarry blast, their application as empirical Green's functions can isolate the simultaneous explosion within the blast. If empirical Green's functions are within 0.5 km of quarry blasts, individual explosions can be retrieved if delays are 100 msec between shot holes and signals extend to 40 Hz. Identification of large, simultaneous detonations within a blast may depend upon knowledge of the mine's blasting practices and its variability from blast to blast.

Rupture Process of the Mainshock of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence from Waveform Inversion with Empirical Green’s Functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang-Lan Wu ◽  
Atsushi Nozu ◽  
Yosuke Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Rupture Process ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Slip Model ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Empirical Green’S Functions ◽  
Empirical Green's Functions

ABSTRACT The 2019 Mw 7.1 mainshock of the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, which was the first event exceeding Mw 7.0 in California since the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, caused near-fault ground motions exceeding 0.5g and 70  cm/s. In this study, the rupture process and the generation mechanism of strong ground motions of the mainshock were investigated through waveform inversions of strong-motion data in the frequency range of 0.2–2.0 Hz using empirical Green’s functions (EGFs). The results suggest that the mainshock involved two large slip regions: the primary one with a maximum slip of approximately 4.4 m was centered ∼3  km northwest of the hypocenter, which was slightly shallower than the hypocenter, and the secondary one was centered ∼25  km southeast of the hypocenter. Outside these regions, the slip was rather small and restricted to deeper parts of the fault. A relatively small rupture velocity of 2.1  km/s was identified. The robustness of the slip model was examined by conducting additional inversion analyses with different combinations of EGF events and near-fault stations. In addition, using the preferred slip model, we synthesized strong motions at stations that were not used in the inversion analyses. The synthetic waveforms captured the timing of the main phases of observed waveforms, indicating the validity of the major spatiotemporal characteristics of the slip model. Our large slip regions are also generally visible in the models proposed by other researchers based on different datasets and focusing on lower frequency ranges (generally lower than 0.5 Hz). In particular, two large slip regions in our model are very consistent with two of the four subevents identified by Ross et al. (2019), which may indicate that part of the large slip regions that generated low-frequency ground motions also generated high-frequency ground motions up to 2.0 Hz during the Ridgecrest mainshock.

Non‐Double‐Couple Moment Tensors of Earthquakes Calculated Using Empirical Green’s Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-398
Author(s):  
Václav Vavryčuk ◽  
Petra Adamová
Keyword(s):  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Empirical Green’S Functions ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Double Couple ◽  
Focal Zone ◽  
Empirical Green's Functions

Abstract We present a joint inversion for empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) and high‐resolution non‐double‐couple (non‐DC) moment tensors. First, the EGFs are constructed using known moment tensors of earthquakes occurring in a small focal zone. Second, the estimated EGFs are applied to refine the original moment tensors used for constructing the EGFs. Because the EGFs describe the velocity model better than the standard GFs, the refined moment tensors are more accurate. The method is applied to real observations of earthquakes of the 2008 swarm in West Bohemia, Czech Republic, where tiny details in fracturing in the focal zone are revealed. Refined moment tensors indicate fault closing caused by compaction of fault gouge during fracturing process related to fault weakening by fluids in the focal zone. The application of the proposed inversion can improve moment tensors reported in existing local, regional, or global catalogs for areas with a concentrated seismicity.

scholarly journals Measuring Basal Force Fluctuations of Debris Flows Using Seismic Recordings and Empirical Green's Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Allstadt ◽  
Maxime Farin ◽  
Richard M. Iverson ◽  
Maciej K. Obryk ◽  
Jason W. Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Green's Functions ◽  
Green’S Functions ◽  
Force Fluctuations ◽  
Empirical Green’S Functions ◽  
Empirical Green's Functions
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