The role of external invalidity in editorial decisions.

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
HARRIET MATTHEWS

Synthesising real events with creative treatment, increasingly emotive and cinematic documentary presents now more than ever an ethically challenging dichotomy between factual broadcasting and fictional entertainment. Within the discussions of documentary ethics, this dichotomy is largely explored in relation to visual and editorial decisions which might be accused of manipulating or reframing the ‘truth’. However, within both ethical guidelines for documentary production, and academic debate around documentary ethics, reference to music is somewhat scarce. Potential challenges faced by non-music academics in asserting the role of music within documentary, a perceived precedence of visual over auditory components, and the notion of the documentarist as an ‘artist’ all participate in defending and deflecting the ethical responsibility of music in the contemporary audio-visual documentary. Through exploring the use of music in three different documentaries, this research proposes a typology outlining music’s areas of ethical concern, including persuasion, representation, and emotional heightening. Music’s ethical precariousness emerges in recognising its capacity to influence audience perception of ‘reality’ through emotional and semiotic capacity, and crucially, in the degree to which its influence often remains unnoticed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ferrucci ◽  
Jacob L. Nelson

Many journalism stakeholders have begun looking to philanthropic foundations to help newsrooms find economic sustainability. The rapidly expanding role of foundations as a revenue source for news publishers raises an important question: How do foundations exercise their influence over the newsrooms they fund? Using the hierarchy of influence model, this study utilizes more than 40 interviews with journalists at digitally native nonprofit news organizations and employees from foundations that fund nonprofit journalism to better understand the impact of foundation funding on journalistic practice. Drawing on previous scholarship exploring extra-media influence on the news industry, we argue that the impact of foundations on journalism parallels that of advertisers throughout the 20th century—with one important distinction: Journalism practitioners and researchers have long forbidden the influence from advertisers on editorial decisions, seeing the blurring of the two as inherently unethical. Outside funding from foundations, on the other hand, is often premised on editorial influence, complicating efforts by journalists to maintain the firewall between news revenue and production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Pullen ◽  
Daniel Jackson ◽  
Michael Silk

The relationship between media, sport, nations, and nationalism is well established; yet, there is an absence of these discussions at the intersection of communication, Paralympics, and disability studies. This omission is particularly significant considering the rapid commodification of the Paralympic spectacle, exacerbated by the entry of Channel 4 (C4) as the UK Paralympic rights holders, that has seen the games become an important site of disability (re-)presentation. In this article, we focus on the construction of national, normative, disabled bodies in Paralympic representation drawn from an analysis of three integrated data sets from C4’s broadcasting of the Rio 2016 Paralympics: interviews with C4 production and editorial staff, quantitative content analysis, and qualitative moving image analysis. We highlight the strategic approach taken by C4 to focus on successful medal-winning athletes, the implications this has on the sports and disability classifications given media coverage, and the role of affective high-value production practices. We also reveal the commercial tensions and editorial decisions that broadcasters face with respect to which disabilities/bodies are made hypervisible—and thereby those which are marginalized—as national disability sport icons that inculcate preferred notions of disability and the (re-)imagined nation.


Journalism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud ◽  
Tine Ustad Figenschou

This article analyses the role of central editors in constructing a national debate in the Norwegian media after the 2011 Oslo terror attacks. A broad literature has documented that after crisis, mainstream media move away from their everyday critical function to a ritual type of journalism that fosters adherence to shared values and support for national authorities. Based on in-depth interviews with debate editors, this article analyses how this type of national crisis discourse is substantiated and guarded through editorial decisions and policies. Second, it gives insights into how changes in the perceived climate of opinion and increasingly vocal critical voices gradually affect editorial practices and challenge consensus. Theoretically, the article combines perspectives from a critical approach (the media as channels for political authorities during crisis) and a cultural approach (the media as constitutive for resilience and recovery) to contribute to the understanding of crisis journalism in a multi-platform, multi-directional media landscape.


Author(s):  
Joachim Veit

AbstractThe most severe criticism of the concepts of our monumental complete editions in music comes from the side of the editors themselves: laments about unpleasant compromises, ideas of ‘open’ or ‘loose leaf editions’, the wish to easily reprint editions with corrections and addenda, or the complaint about the lack of transparency in editorial decisions - all these details contribute to the impression that the function of critical editions will change fundamentally when we enter the digital world. The example of the several editions of Beethoven’s 1st Symphony, which are all based on the same authentic source (printed parts) shows that aspects of the production and transmission process which help to understand editorial problems in general are more interesting than the edited texts. Similar problems appear in manuscripts and the broad availability of scanned sources brings out the question if, on the one hand, we will have to differentiate between graphemes which until now have been summed up under the same notion, and whereas on the other hand we perhaps often tend to be more sophisticated in terms of exactness than coevals. Thus the move to digital editions will promote questions about writing processes in general and will strengthen the role of contextual knowledge. At the same time this contributes to a clear shift of interest - the former ‘edited text’ is no longer the main goal of a critical edition.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


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