Long-term modification of chronic smoking behavior: A paradigmatic approach.

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry A. Lando
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Chronic Smoking

Smoking cessation guidelines: evidence-based recommendations of the French Health Products Safety Agency

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Le Foll ◽  
P. Melihan-Cheinin ◽  
G. Rostoker ◽  
G. Lagrue ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Products

AbstractTobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in developed countries. Millions of smokers are willing to stop, but few of them are able to do so. Clinicians should only use approaches that have demonstrated their efficacy in helping patients to stop smoking. This article summarizes the evidence-based major findings and clinical recommendations for the treatment of tobacco dependence of the French Health Products Safety Agency (AFSSAPS). Clinicians should enquire about the smoking status of each patient and provide information about health consequence of smoking and effective treatments available. These treatments include counseling (mainly individual or social support and behavioral and cognitive therapy) and pharmacological treatment with either nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion LP. Pharmacological treatments should be used only for proven nicotine dependence, as assessed by the Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence. The choice of pharmacologic treatment depends of the patient's preference and history and of the presence of contra-indications. The clinician should start with a single agent, but these treatments may be used in combination. Smoking behavior is a chronic problem that requires long-term management and follow-up. Access to intensive treatment combining pharmacological treatment and extensive behavioral and cognitive therapy should be available for highly dependent patients.

scholarly journals Prenatal cigarette smoking: Long-term effects on young adult behavior problems and smoking behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie D. Cornelius ◽  
Lidush Goldschmidt ◽  
Nancy L. Day
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Behavior

scholarly journals Partners in health? Investigating social genetic effects for married and cohabiting couples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jornt Mandemakers ◽  
Kasper Otten
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partner Similarity

Abstract‘Social contagion’ research suggests that health behaviors (BMI, smoking, drinking, etc.) spread through social networks, including dyadic ties such as between married/cohabiting partners. However, separating contagion from assortative mating (‘like seeks like’) and shared environmental factors remains notoriously difficult in observational studies. It is not possible to obtain exogenous variation in long-term partnerships (‘random mating’), but genetic approaches can offer a novel way to examine partner similarity and the role of social contagion. This paper explores possible social genetic effects among partners, i.e., effects of the partner’s genes on one’s own behavior. We use the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study with data on health behavior and genomic data for both ego and his/her partner to examine social genetic effects for BMI, drinking, and smoking behavior. For each outcome, we find support for social genetic effects. Americans of European descent were more overweight if they had partners with higher polygenic scores for BMI net of their own polygenic score. Similar findings were found for the number of drinks per week and cigarettes per day. Longitudinal analyses that conditioned on past health behavior of both spouses confirmed these findings. We further explored whether susceptibility to the partner’s influence differed between men and women, but did not find consistent differences across outcomes. Findings are further discussed in the light of ramifications of social genetic effects for the social and biological sciences.

Cigarette Smoking from Adolescence to Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Chassin ◽  
Clark C. Presson ◽  
Jonathan T. Macy ◽  
Steven J. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
Smoking Onset

In this chapter, findings from a long-term, cohort-sequential, multigenerational study of cigarette smoking are used to illustrate the importance of a developmental approach for (1) understanding trajectories of smoking behavior (in relation to other forms of tobacco use) and the conditions and challenges of the developmental periods that show transitions in smoking status (particularly adolescent smoking onset and challenges for parents with adolescent children), (2) understanding heterogeneity in these trajectories because differing trajectories may have different etiological underpinnings as well as different implications for the intergenerational transmission of smoking, (3) recognizing that development unfolds within the larger context of societal and historical change and that societal change can influence outcomes, and (4) considering development within a family systems and multigenerational context.

scholarly journals Assessment of changes in nicotine dependence, motivation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among smokers in the initial process of smoking reduction or cessation: a short-term follow-up study

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró ◽  
Cassandra Borges Bortolon ◽  
Mariana Canellas Benchaya ◽  
Nadia Krubskaya Bisch ◽  
Maristela Ferigolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Important Challenge

Introduction: The first days of a quit attempt represent an important challenge to long-term abstinence, especially because of the changes that take place over this period. Objective: To examine whether smokers who have recently changed their smoking behavior show changes in the intensity of nicotine dependence, motivational stage, or symptoms of anxiety and depression relative to smokers without recent changes in smoking behavior. Methods: Smokers attending a support group for smoking cessation in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were invited to participate. The program consisted of four weekly sessions. Smokers answered questionnaires covering intensity of nicotine dependence, stage of motivation, and symptoms of anxiety and depression at baseline and in the fourth week. Urine was collected at both time points, tested for cotinine concentration, and used to determine the final status of smokers. Results: Of the 54 smokers included in the study, 20 (37%) stopped smoking or decreased tobacco use. Both smokers who stopped or reduced tobacco use and those who did not change their behavior presented a decrease in nicotine dependence scores (p = 0.001). Conversely, only the smokers who changed behavior presented an increase in scores in the maintenance stage (p < 0.001). Conclusion: When modifying tobacco use, smokers face a difficult process, marked by several changes. A better understanding of these changes and their implications for treatment are discussed.

Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Prices Faced by Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
M. Christopher Auld ◽  
Mahmood Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Tobacco taxes in Canada varied markedly across time and across regions in the early 1990s. We exploit this variation to estimate the long reach of prices faced in adolescence on smoking behavior roughly a decade later in early to mid-adulthood. Results from a variety of econometric approaches suggest that there is a small but detectable long-run effect of price faced during adolescence. A 10% increase in prices faced during adolescence, holding contemporaneous prices constant, leads to roughly a 1% reduction in adult smoking propensity and intensity. The results are somewhat sensitive to specification and to how price during adolescence is measured.

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