scholarly journals Hand to mouth: Automatic imitation across effector systems.

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leighton ◽  
Cecilia Heyes
Keyword(s):  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett I. Bertenthal ◽  
Ty W. Boyer
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Genschow ◽  
Johannes Schuler ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Marcel Brass ◽  
Michaela Wänke

The self-sufficiency hypothesis suggests that priming individuals with money makes them focus more strongly on themselves than on others. However, recently, research supporting this claim has been heavily criticized and some attempts to replicate have failed. A reason for the inconsistent findings in the field may lay in the common use of explicit measures, because they tend to rely on one or just a few items and are thus prone to demand effects and low reliability. In the present research, we administered, in two experiments, the imitation-inhibition task—a robust, unobtrusive and reliable paradigm that is sensitive to self-other focus on a trial-by-trial basis. A pilot study found an increased focus on the self as compared to others when primed with money. Building on this finding, a preregistered high-powered experiment replicated this effect, suggesting that money primes may indeed increase a focus on the self. An additionally carried out meta-analysis indicates that automatic imitation is modulated by self-other focus and that money primes lead to a smaller focus on the self than conventional methods. Overall the found effects are rather small and several limitations, such as order effects, call for a cautious interpretation of the findings.


2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Heyes ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Helen Johnson ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1741) ◽  
pp. 3231-3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balazs Aczel ◽  
Bence Bago ◽  
Andrei Foldes

Over the past decade, a compelling number of studies reported that observing an action makes the imitation of that action more likely. The automatic character of human imitative behaviour was often claimed, but rarely tested. The demonstration of the absence of conscious control has been attempted in a recent report claiming that imitation can occur in the rock–paper–scissors (RPS) game, where strategic players should avoid imitating their opponents. This surprising result could serve as strong evidence that humans imitate each other unconsciously. We find, however, that this conclusion is problematic. In addition to reviewing the original methods, in this work, we also replicated the experiment with double the sample size. Thorough examination of the original analyses and the results of the present replication do not support the original conclusion. In our view, testing the theory of automatic imitation in RPS games is a potentially promising avenue of exploration, yet the interpretation of the data requires further understanding of the subsidiary effects controlling the behaviour of the players.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2833-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Virhia ◽  
Sonja A Kotz ◽  
Patti Adank

Observing someone speak automatically triggers cognitive and neural mechanisms required to produce speech, a phenomenon known as automatic imitation. Automatic imitation of speech can be measured using the Stimulus Response Compatibility (SRC) paradigm that shows facilitated response times (RTs) when responding to a prompt (e.g., say aa) in the presence of a congruent distracter (a video of someone saying aa), compared with responding in the presence of an incongruent distracter (a video of someone saying oo). Current models of the relation between emotion and cognitive control suggest that automatic imitation can be modulated by varying the stimulus-driven task aspects, that is, the distracter’s emotional valence. It is unclear how the emotional state of the observer affects automatic imitation. The current study explored independent effects of emotional valence of the distracter (Stimulus-driven Dependence) and the observer’s emotional state (State Dependence) on automatic imitation of speech. Participants completed an SRC paradigm for visual speech stimuli. They produced a prompt superimposed over a neutral or emotional (happy or angry) distracter video. State Dependence was manipulated by asking participants to speak the prompt in a neutral or emotional (happy or angry) voice. Automatic imitation was facilitated for emotional prompts, but not for emotional distracters, thus implying a facilitating effect of State Dependence. The results are interpreted in the context of theories of automatic imitation and cognitive control, and we suggest that models of automatic imitation are to be modified to accommodate for state-dependent and stimulus-driven dependent effects.


2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Heyes
Keyword(s):  

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