Supplemental Material for Avoidance Processes Mediate the Relationship Between Rumination and Symptoms of Complicated Grief and Depression Following Loss

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between subthreshold mood symptoms and suicidality in patients with complicated grief (CG).MethodsFifty patients with CG were included in the study and evaluated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis-I disorders, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Mood Spectrum Self Report (MOODS-SR) lifetime version, to evaluate the subthreshold mood symptoms.ResultsTwenty-eight patients (56%) reported lifetime suicidal ideation and 11 patients (22%) reported suicide attempts. Subthreshold depressive and rhythmicity/vegetative functions items of the MOODS-SR were significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation and attempts, while subthreshold manic items were associated with suicidal ideation only. Relationships were confirmed after controlling for Axis-I disorders comorbidity.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest the usefulness of exploring lifetime subthreshold mood symptoms in CG patients, in order to promptly identify those who may be more prone to suicidality.

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Grief

The Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190662592.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Myrna M. Weissman ◽

John C. Markowitz ◽

Gerald L. Klerman

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Problem Area ◽

Emotional Life ◽

Case Examples ◽

Adaptive Process ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Grief Reaction ◽

Complicated Bereavement ◽

The Relationship

The symptoms of a normal grief reaction typically resolve over the course of a few months as the person processes the loss, thinking through remembered experiences with the deceased. This period of grief or mourning is a normal, useful, adaptive process. In contrast, in complicated grief, the person tries to contain her emotions, distancing herself from emotional life. This postponing and avoidance of grief is characteristic of complicated bereavement, a long-recognized form of major depression. This chapter discusses both normal and complicated grief and how grief is defined by the DSM-5 and how it presents as a problem area in IPT. The two goals of the therapist are to facilitate mourning (catharsis) and to reestablish interests and relationships that can to some degree substitute for the person and the relationship that have been lost. Case examples are included.

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The relationship between adult separation anxiety disorder and complicated grief in a cohort of 454 outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.026 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 143 (1-3) ◽

pp. 64-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Stefano Pini ◽

Camilla Gesi ◽

Marianna Abelli ◽

Matteo Muti ◽

Lisa Lari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Separation Anxiety ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽

Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽

The Relationship

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Pandemic grief in Poland: adaptation of a measure and its relationship with social support and resilience

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-01731-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Skalski ◽

Karol Konaszewski ◽

Paweł Dobrakowski ◽

Janusz Surzykiewicz ◽

Sherman A. Lee

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Population Sample ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Relationship

AbstractMillions of people are mourning the death of a loved to COVID-19. According to previous studies, the circumstances of coronavirus disease-related deaths may lead to dysfunctional grief. The purpose of this study was to introduce the Polish adaptation of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) as well as to assess the relationship between dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death, resilience and perceived social support. The adaptation was carried out on a general population sample of 286 individuals aged 18–54 years, with the evaluation being performed on a group comprising 214 people aged 18–78 years, who lost a loved one during the pandemic. The Polish version of PGS revealed a single-factor structure with strong internal consistency (α = 0.89). The PGS scores were associated with measures of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief), depression (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale) and lower resilience (Resilience Scale 14), which confirmed the scale’s convergent validity. No relation between PGS scores and health behaviors (Inventory of Health Behaviors) was observed, which confirmed the scale’s discriminant validity. The results of the bootstrapping technique revealed that resilience mediates the relationship between perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and dysfunctional grief (total mediation). The results of this study suggest the need for practitioners to focus on resilience-enhancing interventions and perceived social support in order to improve mental health in people who lost their loved ones during the new coronavirus pandemic.

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Mediating Effect of Meaning Reconstruction on the Relationship between Intrinsic Religious Orientation and Complicated Grief Focusing on Suicide Survivors

The Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling ◽

10.23905/kspcc.26..201605.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (null) ◽

pp. 142-176

Author(s):

변재원 ◽

이희철

Keyword(s):

Religious Orientation ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Suicide Survivors ◽

Meaning Reconstruction ◽

The Relationship

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Pandemic Grief in Poland: Adaptation of a Measure and its relationship with Social Support and Resilience

10.31234/osf.io/es3rd ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Skalski ◽

Karol Konaszewski ◽

Paweł Dobrakowski ◽

Janusz Surzykiewicz ◽

Sherman Lee

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Population Sample ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Relationship

Millions of people are mourning the death of a loved to COVID-19. According to previous studies, the circumstances of coronavirus disease-related deaths may lead to dysfunctional grief. The purpose of this study was to introduce the Polish adaptation of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) as well as to assess the relationship between dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death, resilience and perceived social support. The adaptation was carried out on a general population sample of 286 individuals aged 18–54 years, with the evaluation being performed on a group comprising 214 people aged 18–78 years, who lost a loved one during the pandemic. The Polish version of PGS revealed a single-factor structure with strong internal consistency (α = 0.89). The PGS scores were associated with measures of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief), depression (Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale) and lower resilience (Resilience Scale 14), which confirmed the scale’s convergent validity. No relation between PGS scores and health behaviors (Inventory of Health Behaviors) was observed, which confirmed the scale’s discriminant validity. The results of the bootstrapping technique revealed that resilience mediates the relationship between perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and dysfunctional grief (total mediation). The results of this study suggest the need for practitioners to focus on resilience-enhancing interventions and perceived social support in order to improve mental health in people who lost their loved ones during the new coronavirus pandemic.

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