AUTOMATION OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SCHEME FOR SOLVING COMPUTE- INTENSIVE PROBLEMS OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS ON SUPERCOMPUTERS

В статье представлен подход к разработке информационно-аналитической системы, помогающей исследователю решать вычислительно сложные задачи математической физики на суперкомпьютерах. Система автоматически строит схему решения задачи по спецификации пользователя, введенной им в режиме диалога. Схема включает наиболее подходящие математические модели для решения задачи, численные методы, алгоритмы и параллельные архитектуры, ссылки на доступные фрагменты параллельного кода, которые пользователь может использовать при разработке собственного кода. Построение схемы осуществляется на основе онтологии проблемной области «Решение вычислительно сложных задач математической физики», онтологии заданной предметной области и экспертных правил, построенных с использованием технологии Semantic Web. The paper presents an approach to the development of an information-analytical system that helps a researcher to solve compute-intensive problems of mathematical physics on supercomputers. The system automatically builds a scheme for solving the problem according to the user's specification entered by him in the dialogue mode. The scheme includes the most suitable mathematical models for solving the problem, numerical methods, algorithms and parallel architectures, links to available fragments of parallel code that the user can use when developing their own code. The construction of the scheme is carried out on the basis of the ontology of the problem area "Solving compute-intensive problems of mathematical physics", the ontology of a given subject area and expert rules built using the Semantic Web technology.

Problem Definition

This chapter begins with the Socrates DigitalTM module calling the “Define Problem” process. This process identifies the problem area and gathers the problem-defining information from the user. This chapter provides pseudo-code for the subprocesses that make up the processes for Socrates DigitalTM. It has enough detail to implement the logic in any procedural and general-purpose computer programming language. This chapter shows that more questions follow after asking the user a question in many situations. The questions aimed at getting these answers are questions that target the quality of reasoning.

Cultural Codes of Society: Scientific and Practical Significance in Modern African Studies

The article is devoted to the topic of searching for cultural codes. It presents the author’s approach to understanding the place and role of the problem of cultural codes in modern studies of Africa. The article presents an overview of the main options for understanding and defining cultural codes from the standpoint of both theoretical-rational and empirical-intuitive approaches. The relevance of the topic of cultural codes is considered in two aspects: from the point of view of contribution to the scientific development of the problems of cultural codes as an interdisciplinary problem and from the point of view of solving the practical task of increasing the effectiveness of the system of Russian-African relations based on mutual understanding and mutual respect of partners. The problems of cultural codes are considered in the context of the global transformations of the 20th to 21st centuries with their great and tragic events that changed the essence and configuration of the regions of the world. Two world wars, the October Revolution, the collapse of the colonial system, the collapse of empires, the destruction of the USSR, the globalization of the world, the whole spectrum of postcolonial events raised the question of understanding countries and regions of each other around the world. As conclusions, the article defines the basic principles of studying African realities in the problem area of cultural codes: 1. Cultural codes of various cultures are value-semantic complexes formed on the basis of social experience and the information received in it. 2. Social experience is characterized by a number of parameters: geographical; geopolitical – defining relations with the outside world and the formation of historical memory, which in Africa is based on a generalized concept of the West, the image of the slave trade, colonization, racism, apartheid; and cultural and historical parameter. 3. Cultural codes form a semantic picture of the world, characteristic of each culture, on the basis of which people evaluate events and make choices that determine their activities and relationships. 4. Cultural codes evolve and change depending on social experience. 5. Cultural codes of different cultures interact in the forms of mutual influence or unilateral aggressive influence. Africa is characterized by the aggressive influence of Western culture, which has led to the emergence of border codes, the essence of which is the forced combination of traditional African codes with alien Western components. Hermeneutics, understood as the interpretation of the meanings of cultural texts, is considered as a research method. Two possible scenarios for the development of the border situation are considered: negative and positive. The negative scenario assumes the onset of acute social cataclysms, up to social chaos and the destruction of basic values. A positive scenario involves the renewal of society and the growth of its creative potential. It is necessary to predict the vector of development of the situation according to one of the above scenarios. The author believes that the deformation of African cultural codes and the “hacking” of Russia’s cultural codes of the late twentieth – early twenty-first century can become one of the points of contact that can consolidate Russian and African partners in the realization of the national interests of both sides.

Halide Edip and the Turkifi cation of Armenian Children: Enigmas, Problems and Questions

It is a well-known fact that the Islamisation of Christian children in the Ottoman Empire has a long history. In the great majority of cases Islamisation was carried out forcibly, accompanied by the erasure of a child’s ethnic-religious identity for those who remembered it and totally hiding their ethnic roots and religious affiliation from those who didn’t. The whole process of cultivating a new identity and character was a matter of time and of contested methods. This article identifies a problem area, raising questions and analyzing the role of Turkish intellectual Halidé Edip in the state policy of Turkification of Armenian children at the Antoura orphanage during the Armenian Genocide. It draws comparisons between the three memoirs of Armenian orphans from that orphanage that are known to date, those of Garnik Banean (Karnig Panian as written in his English language memoir), Harutyun Alboyajyan, and Melgon Petrosean and that written by Halidé Edip. As a result, certain essential differences, ploys, as well as facts disguised by Edip have been collected and presented in this article. Therefore, the research carried out identifies the problems areas relating to various aspects of the Antoura orphanage by raising new questions, offering explanations and new approaches as well as highlighting issues that need to be researched further.

Design, implementation and application of an intelligent system for territorial risks assessment

The process describes an intelligent system creation designed for risk evaluation and management. The risk can be anthropogenic, natural, or social nature, and belong to territories of different scales. Complexity in structuring and collecting information about the state territorial security as well as different risks assessment methods necessitate the development of a modular multitask system. The information management system support model formalizes the problem area to justify the joint intelligent technologies use. Based on the model, system architecture has been developed. This architecture defines the composition, functionality, interaction interfaces, as well as the information resources organization, that were used to support management. Here is presented an intelligent system prototype operation result.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE SERVICE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES

The complex and dynamic environment in which modern companies operate requires frequent organizational changes that are used as a mechanism for adapting the company's business to market requirements, in order to improve or maintain a competitive advantage. Mergers and acquisitions, as a complex form of organizational change of companies, represent a relevant problem area of ​​research. Since the success of organizational change depends on two important factors, leaders and employees, the aim of this research is to identify the interdependence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and commitment to organizational change by employees in the post-acquisition period. The research results show that there is interdependence between transformational leadership, job satisfaction and commitment to organizational change in the post-acquisition period. The empirical research was conducted in 2021, using a survey method. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and single as well as multiple regression method. A sample of 129 respondents was taken into accounts, who are employed in companies in the Republic of Serbia that have gone through the acquisition process in the last five years.

The Design of Modern Process Equipment

Expert system is a methodology to adapt algorithm of successful decisions in one sphere of scientific and practical activity into another. Widespread information technology is an identical intelligent computer program that contains the knowledge and analytical skills of one or more experts in the field of application and is able to draw logical conclusions based on this knowledge, thereby solving specific problems in designing the process equipment without the presence of an expert (a specialist in a specific problem area). The expert system allows to solve problems in a narrow subject area. The modern realities of introduced automated production do not provide a quality result, because all design decisions are made on the basis of subjective knowledge and intuitive feelings. One way to solve this problem is to develop formalized human-machine design methods in the early stages of creating a project of process equipment. This study describes the process of developing an expert system, which is aimed at solving problems of product modeling, optimization synthesis of the process operation structure and layout of the process machine. In the study, the author identifies the stages of process equipment designing, identifies the components of the expert system, and describes the procedural model of the design process. The result of the paper is the developed structure of software and information support of the automated information system for the design of process equipment. The developed system will speed up the decision-making process in the design of process equipment and receive competent advice. The expert system will serve as a basis for the introduction of intelligent production and smart consumption, which confidently goes hand in hand with the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Quality control in cyber-physical systems of smart electronics manufacturing

The creation of high-tech smart industries is observed in dynamically developing industries, which include the production of electronics and the automotive industry. The concept of “smart manufacturing” is closely related to the concept of cyber-physical systems, which integrates the main elements of digitalization and intellectualization. This concept provides for the continuous improvement of intellectual “cybernetic” resources for the effective management of the “physical” environment considered in this problem area. Improvement of technologies, ensuring high rates of reproducibility and suitability of equipment creates conditions for defect-free production. However, there remain the problems of recognizing patterns represented not by an obvious marriage, but by some not fully defined inconsistency on a set of requirements. The need to disclose uncertainties of this kind is typical for surface mounting technologies for printed circuit boards. The introduction of more and more advanced automatic optical inspections, containing the possibility of introducing intelligent (cybernetic) means, creates conditions for improving the quality of printed circuit boards as a “physical” environment. It is also important to minimize the “human factor”, the presence of which is still used when making decisions on the results of control. In the article, ensuring the rhythm of digital production and increasing the reliability of control in quality management in smart high-tech industries using the example of electronics production.

The Explanation of Disordered Eating: A Metatheoretical Approach

<p>Eating disorders are an increasingly serious global health problem, resulting in substantial physical and mental health costs for sufferers and their families, and for society as a whole. There has been considerable research aimed at understanding and treating these conditions. Despite this, treatment for disordered eating remains relatively poor, leaving many with ongoing suffering. Although there are many reasons why this may be the case, a possible contributor not investigated by the literature is the quality of the theoretical explanations underpinning these treatments. In this thesis, therefore, I set out to examine the quality of the current dominant explanations for disordered eating upon which best-practice treatments are based. Upon evaluation, these explanations are found to be significantly lacking in quality, leading to subsequent weaknesses in their interventions. Underlying these specific problems, I identify three common meta-theoretical issues with these explanations: (1) the poor selection and description of explanatory targets, (2) the use of single explanatory models as complete explanations (i.e., the One Best Model perspective), and (3) the lack of systematic method informing their construction. In the remainder of the thesis, I propose solutions for each of these, arguing for (1) more appropriate selection and compositional explanation of explanatory foci, (2) transition away from a unified approach to explanation toward model pluralism, and (3) the development and application of a guiding methodological framework for explanation in psychopathology. Each of these solutions represents a significant shift in our approach to understanding and explaining psychopathological conditions. Their application to the specific problem area of disordered eating is likely to result in explanations for these conditions that are more valid, comprehensive, and fruitful, thereby providing superior platforms for clinical intervention and research.</p>

The Explanation of Disordered Eating: A Metatheoretical Approach

<p>Eating disorders are an increasingly serious global health problem, resulting in substantial physical and mental health costs for sufferers and their families, and for society as a whole. There has been considerable research aimed at understanding and treating these conditions. Despite this, treatment for disordered eating remains relatively poor, leaving many with ongoing suffering. Although there are many reasons why this may be the case, a possible contributor not investigated by the literature is the quality of the theoretical explanations underpinning these treatments. In this thesis, therefore, I set out to examine the quality of the current dominant explanations for disordered eating upon which best-practice treatments are based. Upon evaluation, these explanations are found to be significantly lacking in quality, leading to subsequent weaknesses in their interventions. Underlying these specific problems, I identify three common meta-theoretical issues with these explanations: (1) the poor selection and description of explanatory targets, (2) the use of single explanatory models as complete explanations (i.e., the One Best Model perspective), and (3) the lack of systematic method informing their construction. In the remainder of the thesis, I propose solutions for each of these, arguing for (1) more appropriate selection and compositional explanation of explanatory foci, (2) transition away from a unified approach to explanation toward model pluralism, and (3) the development and application of a guiding methodological framework for explanation in psychopathology. Each of these solutions represents a significant shift in our approach to understanding and explaining psychopathological conditions. Their application to the specific problem area of disordered eating is likely to result in explanations for these conditions that are more valid, comprehensive, and fruitful, thereby providing superior platforms for clinical intervention and research.</p>