Grief

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Grief Reaction ◽  
Complicated Bereavement ◽  
The Relationship

The symptoms of a normal grief reaction typically resolve over the course of a few months as the person processes the loss, thinking through remembered experiences with the deceased. This period of grief or mourning is a normal, useful, adaptive process. In contrast, in complicated grief, the person tries to contain her emotions, distancing herself from emotional life. This postponing and avoidance of grief is characteristic of complicated bereavement, a long-recognized form of major depression. This chapter discusses both normal and complicated grief and how grief is defined by the DSM-5 and how it presents as a problem area in IPT. The two goals of the therapist are to facilitate mourning (catharsis) and to reestablish interests and relationships that can to some degree substitute for the person and the relationship that have been lost. Case examples are included.

The relationship between depression with anxious distress DSM-5 specifier and mixed depression: a network analysis

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Antonio Tundo ◽  
Laura Musetti ◽  
Claudia Del Grande ◽  
Rocco de Filippis ◽  
Luca Proietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symptom Criteria ◽  
Inner Tension

Abstract Introduction. Epidemiological, clinical, and treatment response characteristics of major depression with anxious distress (ADS) are quite similar to those of mixed depression, but no study investigated the symptom interplay of these conditions. Objective. To analyze the correlations among symptom criteria for major depression with ADS and for mixed depression using a network analysis. Methods. Two hundred and forty-one outpatients with major depression were consecutively recruited. DSM-5 criteria for major depression with ADS or with mixed features (MF) and Koukopoulos’ criteria for mixed depression (MXD) were assessed using a structured clinical interview. Results. A total of 58.9% of patients met DSM-5 criteria for major depression with ADS, 48.5% for MXD, and 2.5% for major depression with MF, so that the symptoms of this specifier were excluded from the network analysis. The most frequent symptoms were difficulty concentrating due to worries (57.7%), feeling keyed up or on edge (51%) (major depression with ADS), and psychic agitation or inner tension (51%) (MXD). Psychic agitation or inner tension had a central position in the network and bridged MXD to major depression with ADS through feeling keyed up or on edge. Conclusions. Criteria for major depression with ADS and for MXD are partially overlapping, with psychic agitation or inner tension and feeling keyed up or on edge that feature in both conditions and are difficult to distinguish in clinical practice. The clarification of the relationship between these two psychopathological conditions could bring important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of depressive episodes.

Major Depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
John C. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Role Transition ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Complicated Bereavement

Utilizing the elements described in the previous chapters, this one applies the IPT approach to patients with major depressive disorder in the setting of the Covid-19 pandemic. Major depression is a common sequela of disaster. Major depression is also the disorder for which IPT was first tested and has been most frequently evaluated, and for which it is considered a first line, practice guideline-recommended treatment. Four extended, detailed Covid-19 related case examples cover the three focal IPT problem areas of grief (complicated bereavement), role dispute, and role transition. These cases also underscore the importance of cultural issues in personalizing IPT to the treatment of individuals.

Role Disputes

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

IPT defines an interpersonal role dispute as a situation in which the patient and an important person in the patient’s life have differing expectations about their relationship. This leads to either an open or a tacit struggle. The depressed individual is invariably losing out in this conflict, which may be either a source or consequence of a depressive episode. This chapter covers definition, goals, and strategies when working with this problem area of role disputes. The three stages of role dispute are renegotiation, impasse, and dissolution. To manage a role dispute, patients need to recognize their own feelings about what they want and don’t want, feelings about the relationship and the other person, and what might constitute a reasonable compromise. Case examples of role disputes are included.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Carpita ◽  
D. Muti ◽  
A. Muscarella ◽  
V. Dell’Oste ◽  
E. Diadema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Grief Reaction ◽  
Adult Autism ◽  
Trauma Stress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domain Scores

Background: While growing literature is stressing the link between Autistic Traits (AT) and trauma-/stress-related disorders, in both conditions significant differences have been separately reported. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms with respect to sex. Methods: 178 university students were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (TALS) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS). In order to evaluate sex differences in trauma-/stress-related symptoms among subjects with higher or lower AT, the sample was split in two groups with an equal number of subjects on the basis of the median score reported on AdAS Spectrum (“AdAS high scorers” and “AdAS low scorers”). Results: Females reported significantly higher TALS total score, Loss events and Grief reaction domain scores than males in the whole sample, while AdAS high scorers reported significantly higher TALS total and domain scores than AdAS low scorers. A significant interaction between high/low AdAS score and sex emerged for TALS domains, with females scoring significantly higher than males only among AdAS low scorers, specifically on Loss events, Grief reaction, Re-experiencing and Personal characteristics/Risk factors domains. Finally, among AdAS high scorers a significantly higher rate of subjects fulfilled symptomatological criteria for PTSD than among AdAS low scorers, without sex differences. Conclusion: Our results confirm a significant relationship between AT and trauma-/stress-related symptoms, which seems to prevail on sex differences among high-risk subjects.

The Association between Depression and Gastroesophageal Reflux based on Phylogenetic Analysis of miRNA Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (38) ◽  
pp. 6536-6547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hau Chen ◽  
Hsiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Shed Light

A number of clinical studies have revealed that there is an association between major depression (MD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Both the diseases are shown to affect a large proportion of the global population. More advanced studies for understanding the comorbidity mechanism of these two diseases can shed light on developing new therapies of both diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any research work in the literature investigating the relationship between MD and GERD using their miRNA biomarkers. We adopt a phylogenetic analysis to analyze their miRNA biomarkers. From our analyzed results, the association between these two diseases can be explored through miRNA phylogeny. In addition to evidence from the phylogenetic analysis, we also demonstrate epidemiological evidence for the relationship between MD and GERD based on Taiwan biobank data.

Structural relations between DSM-5 PTSD and major depression symptoms in military soldiers

2015 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Marijo Tamburrino ◽  
Thomas H. Fine ◽  
Gregory Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Structural Relations

The relationship between quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder or major depression for firefighters in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Shing Chen ◽  
Ming-Chao Chen ◽  
Frank Huang-Chih Chou ◽  
Feng-Ching Sun ◽  
Pei-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Depression among High School Girls in Ahvaz

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Tashakori ◽  
Forough Riahi ◽  
Amin Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. Today, obesity and depression are two major illnesses that are on the rise all over the world and threaten human health. This research was done to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and depression among Ahvaz high school female students.Method. In a descriptive-analytical study using stratified random sampling, 400 female high school students in academic year of 2013-2014 were picked and their height and weight were measured. BMI was classified based on World Health Organization classification. To assess the severity of depression, Beck depression questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test were used.Results. In terms of BMI 9% of students were slim, 77% were at an acceptable level, and 14% were overweight. Also, the prevalence of depression was 86.20% major depression and 13.79% moderate depression for obese persons, 10.41% major depression and 70.83% moderate depression for overweight persons, 8.78% major depression and 12.97% moderate depression for normal weight persons, and 9% moderate depression for slim persons. The relationship between BMI and depression among high school students is positive and significant (P<0.001;  r=0.555).Conclusion. There is a positive and significant relationship between BMI and the severity of depression among Ahvaz high school female students.

scholarly journals Tracking eye movements when solving geometry problems with handwriting devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. H. Lin ◽  
Sunny S. J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Instructional Designers ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Similar Triangles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitive Pressure

The present study investigated the following issues: (1) whether differences are evident in the eye movement measures of successful and unsuccessful problem-solvers; (2) what is the relationship between perceived difficulty and eye movement measures; and (3) whether eye movements in various AOIs differ when solving problems. Sixty-three 11th grade students solved five geometry problems about the properties of similar triangles. A digital drawing tablet and sensitive pressure pen were used to record the responses. The results indicated that unsuccessful solvers tended to have more fixation counts, run counts, and longer dwell time on the problem area, whereas successful solvers focused more on the calculation area. In addition, fixation counts, dwell time, and run counts in the diagram area were positively correlated with the perceived difficulty, suggesting that understanding similar triangles may require translation or mental rotation. We argue that three eye movement measures (i.e., fixation counts, dwell time, and run counts) are appropriate for use in examining problem solving given that they differentiate successful from unsuccessful solvers and correlate with perceived difficulty. Furthermore, the eye-tracking technique provides objective measures of students’ cognitive load for instructional designers.

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