Modeling a multidimensional model of memory performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multilevel meta-analytic review.

Even though memory performance is a commonly researched aspect of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a coherent and unified explanation of the role of specific cognitive factors has remained elusive. To address this, the present meta-analysis examined the predictive validity of Harkin and Kessler’s (2011) Executive Function (E), Binding Complexity (B) and Memory Load (L) Classification System with regards to affected vs. unaffected memory performance in OCD. We employed a multi-level meta-analytic approach (Viechtbauer, 2010) to accommodate the interdependent nature of the EBL model and interdependency of effect sizes (305 effect sizes from 144 studies, including 4424 OCD patients). Results revealed that the EBL model predicted memory performance, i.e., as EBL demand increases, those with OCD performed progressively worse on memory tasks. Executive function was the driving mechanism behind the EBL’s impact on OCD memory performance and negated effect size differences between visual and verbal tasks in those with OCD. Comparisons of sub-task effect sizes were also generally in accord with the cognitive parameters of the EBL taxonomy. We conclude that standardised coding of tasks along individual cognitive dimensions and multi-level meta-analyses provides a new approach to examine multi-dimensional models of memory and cognitive performance in OCD and other disorders.

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Modelling a Multi-Dimensional Model of Memory Performance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multi-Level Meta-Analytic Review.

10.31234/osf.io/fk2hx ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ben Harkin ◽

Klaus Kessler ◽

Sofia Persson ◽

Alan Yates

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Memory Load ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Driving Mechanism ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Multi Level

Even though memory performance is a commonly researched aspect of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a coherent and unified explanation of the role of specific cognitive factors has remained elusive. To address this, the present meta-analysis examined the predictive validity of Harkin and Kessler’s (2011) Executive Function (E), Binding Complexity (B) and Memory Load (L) Classification System with regards to affected vs. unaffected memory performance in OCD. We employed a multi-level meta-analytic approach (Viechtbauer, 2010) to accommodate the interdependent nature of the EBL model and interdependency of effect sizes (305 effect sizes from 144 studies, including 4424 OCD patients). Results revealed that the EBL model predicted memory performance, i.e., as EBL demand increases, those with OCD performed progressively worse on memory tasks. Executive function was the driving mechanism behind the EBL’s impact on OCD memory performance and negated effect size differences between visual and verbal tasks in those with OCD. Comparisons of sub-task effect sizes were also generally in accord with the cognitive parameters of the EBL taxonomy. We conclude that standardised coding of tasks along individual cognitive dimensions and multi-level meta-analyses provides a new approach to examine multi-dimensional models of memory and cognitive performance in OCD and other disorders.

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Dysfunctional metacognition across psychopathologies: A meta-analytic review

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.05.029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 139-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

X. Sun ◽

C. Zhu ◽

S.H.W. So

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Total Sample ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Analytic Review

AbstractBackground:Dysfunctions in metacognition have been reported in individuals with anxiety disorders. Although recent studies have examined metacognition in other disorders, how dysfunctional metacognition compares across disorders is not clear. This review aimed to ascertain the importance of dysfunctional metacognition in various psychopathologies, and to identify similarities and differences in metacognitive profiles across disorders.Methods:Forty-seven studies were selected from 586 articles published between 1990 and August 2015, including a total sample of 3772 patients and 3376 healthy individuals. Studies that measured metacognition using the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its variants were included. We conducted five meta-analyses including 49 to 55 effect sizes, comparing psychiatric patients to healthy individuals on respective metacognitive dimensions of the MCQ.Results:We found elevated metacognitive dysfunctions in patients, as a group, on all MCQ dimensions. Group effects were large and robust for the two negative beliefs (i.e., beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of thoughts, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts), and moderate and unstable for the positive beliefs. Patients showed decreased cognitive confidence and heightened cognitive self-consciousness on moderate to large levels. Moderator analyses revealed that negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of thoughts were most prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder, whereas heightened cognitive self-consciousness was more characteristic in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders manifested more similar metacognitive profiles than other disorders.Conclusions:Our findings supported dysfunctional metacognition as common processes across psychopathologies, with certain dimensions being more prevalent in particular disorders.

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Differential role of visuospatial working memory in the propensity toward uncertainty in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and in healthy subjects

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713002730 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 2113-2124 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Lambrecq ◽

J.-Y. Rotge ◽

N. Jaafari ◽

B. Aouizerate ◽

N. Langbour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Visuospatial Working Memory ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Temporal Direction

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with visuospatial working memory deficits. Intolerance of uncertainty is thought to be a core component of OCD symptoms. Recent findings argue for a possible relationship between abilities in visuospatial memory and uncertainty. However, this relationship remains unclear in both OCD patients and healthy subjects. To address this issue, we measured performance in visuospatial working memory and the propensity to express uncertainty during decision making. We assessed their relationship and the temporal direction of this relationship in both OCD patients and healthy subjects.MethodBaseline abilities in visuospatial working memory were measured with the Corsi block-tapping test. A delayed matching-to-sample task was used to identify explicit situations of certainty, uncertainty and ignorance and to assess continuous performance in visuospatial working memory. Behavioural variables were recorded over 360 consecutive trials in both groups.ResultsBaseline scores of visuospatial working memory did not predict the number of uncertain situations in OCD patients whereas they did in healthy subjects. Uncertain trials led to reduced abilities in visuospatial working memory to 65% of usual performance in OCD patients whereas they remained stable in healthy subjects.ConclusionsThe present findings show an opposite temporal direction in the relationship between abilities in working memory and uncertainty in OCD patients and healthy subjects. Poor working memory performance contributes to the propensity to feel uncertainty in healthy subjects whereas uncertainty contributes to decreased continuous performance in working memory in OCD patients.

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A case-control association study of COMT rs4680 Polymorphism with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Cognitive Functions: The role of sex

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34240/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

sajedeh hamidian ◽

Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽

atefeh moradkhani ◽

Behrooz Dolatshahi ◽

Esmaeil Shahsavand Ananloo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Total Sample ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Genetic Components

Abstract Background Previous studies have emphasized the role of genetic components in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and cognitive functions. One of the most controversial markers in this area is the COMT rs4680 polymorphism. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rs4680 on susceptibility to OCD and cognitive functions with respect to the moderating role of sex. Methods The subjects included 127 patients with OCD and 145 healthy controls. Genotyping was carried out by ARMS-PCR. The subjects underwent cognitive evaluations using the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and R package software. Results The results showed a significantly higher frequency of the AA genotype in the OCD group than in the healthy control group. Cognitive assessments showed weaker Immediate Memory and General Memory performance in the patients with OCD than in the control group. No significant association was found between rs4680 and memory dimensions in the total sample, whereas analysis by sex revealed a significant association of rs4680 with Working Memory only in females. Conclusions The results of this study confirm previous findings about the association of the AA genotype with OCD. These findings also corroborate previous assumptions about impaired episodic memory in patients with OCD. Moreover, the association of rs4680 with Working Memory only in females endorses the hypothesis of the sexual dimorphism of the effects of this COMT gene polymorphism.

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Memory for Actions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465800016477 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 349-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Willi Ecker ◽

Johannes Engelkamp

Keyword(s):

Free Recall ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Reality Monitoring ◽

Motor Memory ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Subvocal Rehearsal

Frequent checkers with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n=24), high checking controls (n=24) and low checking controls (n=48) were instructed to learn action phrases such as “to open the book” by performing the action themselves with imaginary objects (motor encoding), by imagining how one performs the action oneself (motor-imaginal encoding), by imagining seeing somebody else performing the action (visual-imaginal encoding) and by subvocal rehearsal. Compared to low checking controls, OCD checkers showed poorer free recall of motorically encoded actions and poorer reality monitoring, i.e. they confused motor and motor-imaginal encoding more frequently. The results are consistent with a specific motor memory deficit in OCD checkers. Moreover, memory performance of OCD checkers differed from that of high checking controls.

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