scholarly journals Momentary working memory performance is coupled with different dimensions of affect for different children: A mixture model analysis of ambulatory assessment data.

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Judith Dirk ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Different Dimensions

scholarly journals Two Dyscalculia Subtypes With Similar, Low Comorbidity Profiles: A Mixture Model Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kißler ◽  
Christin Schwenk ◽  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Mathematical Abilities ◽  
Mathematical Difficulties

Several studies have aimed to identify subtypes of dyscalculia. In many of these studies, either pre-defined groups (e.g., children with reading and mathematical difficulties vs. children with isolated mathematical difficulties) were analyzed regarding their cognitive profiles (top-down approach), or clusters of children with dyscalculia (CwD) were identified based on a narrow range of cognitive and mathematical skills (data-driven or bottom-up approach). However, it has remained difficult to establish robust subtypes of dyscalculia across studies. Against this background, we conducted a mixture model analysis in order to explore and identify subtypes of dyscalculia based on a broad range of variables (intelligence, reading fluency, working memory, attention, and various mathematical skills). The total sample comprised 174 elementary school CwD (IQ > 70; mathematical abilities: percentile rank <10), which consisted of two subsamples. The first subsample was based on a diagnostic test focusing on calculation (HRT 1–4; n = 71; 46 girls, 25 boys; age: M = 9.28 years, SD = 0.94) whereas the second subsample was based on a diagnostic test with a strong focus on basic numerical capacities (ZAREKI-R; n = 103; 78 girls, 25 boys; age: M = 8.94 years, SD = 1.05). Results provided convincing evidence for the existence of two subtypes in CwD: A slightly impaired subtype and a strongly impaired subtype. Subtypes differed most strongly regarding mathematical abilities, but the analyses suggest that differences in attention could also be a key factor. Therefore, comorbid attention difficulties seem to be a relevant factor that needs to be considered when establishing subtypes. Substantial intelligence differences between dyscalculia subtypes could not be found. Differences in working memory and reading fluency were negligible. Overall, the results seemed to be robust regardless of the diagnostic test used for assessing dyscalculia. When planning interventions for CwD, the existence of a subtype with substantial attention problems should be kept in mind.

scholarly journals Ambulatory Assessment of Rumination and Worry: Capturing Perseverative Cognitions in Children’s Daily Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Kramer ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Anja Leonhardt ◽  
Judith Dirk ◽  
Annette Brose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

Rumination and worry are common forms of perseverative cognitions in children. Research has started to target perseverative cognitions in the everyday life of children, however, valid measurement instruments reliably capturing rumination and worry in children’s daily life are still missing. We conducted two ambulatory assessment studies validating short scales suitable for the measurement of rumination and worry in children’s daily life. Results of the first study (N = 110, 8 – 11-year olds, 31 days, up to 4 daily measurements) supported a unidimensional structure of the rumination scale with high levels of reliability. Rumination was associated with negative affect (but not positive affect) on the within- and on the between-person level. On the between-person level, children who ruminated more showed poorer working memory performance. In the second study (N = 84, 8 – 10-year olds, 21 days, up to 3 daily measurements), findings of Study 1 were largely replicated. Moreover, we established a unidimensional worry scale in Study 2 reliably capturing worry in children’s daily life. Importantly, Study 2 showed that worry and rumination can be differentiated in children. On the within-person level, higher levels of worry were associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of positive affect. On the between-person level, worry was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower working memory performance. Altogether, findings of both studies demonstrated that the short scales had excellent psychometric properties suggesting that they are helpful tools for the assessment of rumination and worry in children’s daily life.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

How Does Caffeine Impact Working Memory Performance in Extraverts and Introverts?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Jansen ◽  
Gabriella Dimotsantos ◽  
Marian E. Berryhill
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

Retrospective prioritization of multiple items during working memory storage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley DiPuma ◽  
Kelly Rivera ◽  
Edward Ester
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Item ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Incorrect Item ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
Directing Attention

Working memory (WM) performance can be improved by an informative cue presented during storage. This effect, termed a retro-cue benefit, can be used to explore mechanisms of attentional prioritization in WM. Directing attention to a single item stored in memory is known to increase memory precision while decreasing the likelihood of incorrect item reports and random guesses, but it is unclear whether similar benefits manifest when participants direct attention to multiple items stored in memory. We tested this possibility by quantifying memory performance when participants were cued to prioritize one or two items stored in working memory. Consistent with prior work, cueing participants to prioritize a single memory item yielded higher recall precision, fewer swap errors, and fewer guesses relative to a neutral cue condition. Conversely, cueing participants to prioritize two memory items yielded fewer swap errors relative to a neutral condition, but no differences in recall precision or guess rates. Although swap rates were less likely during the cue-two vs. neutral conditions, planned comparisons revealed that when participants made swap errors during cue-two trials they were far more likely to confuse two prioritized stimuli than they were to confuse a prioritized stimulus vs. a non-prioritized stimulus. Our results suggest that it is possible to prioritize multiple items stored in memory, with the caveat that doing so may increase the probability of confusing prioritized items.

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