Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER): Code Substitution Test.

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Pepper ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Steven F. Wiker
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Research

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Evaluation of 114 Measures

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Robert C. Carter ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Mary M. Harbeson ◽  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
And Task

The goal of the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Program was to identify a set of measures of human capabilities for use in the study of environmental and other time-course effects. 114 measures studied in the PETER Program were evaluated and categorized into four groups based upon task stability and task definition. The Recommended category contained 30 measures that clearly obtained total stabilization and had an acceptable level of reliability efficiency. The Acceptable-But-Redundant category contained 15 measures. The 37 measures in the Marginal category, which included an inordinate number of slope and other derived measures, usually had desirable features which were outweighed by faults. The 32 measures in the Unacceptable category had either differential instability or weak reliability efficiency. It is our opinion that the 30 measures in the Recommended category should be given first consideration for environmental research applications. Further, it is recommended that information pertaining to preexperimental practice requirements and stabilized reliabilities should be utilized in repeated-measures environmental studies.

Selection of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Carter ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Selection Of

A battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) that is suitable for use in repeated measures experiments is being developed at the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory. This paper describes the sources of tasks which have been considered for inclusion in PETER. It also lists the tests in the source batteries which have or have not yet been considered for inclusion in PETER. The performance content of the tests that have been considered is compared with the content of those that have not. Recommendations are made for selection of additional tests from the source batteries which will not be redundant with tests that already have been considered. This report puts PETER into the context of the tests and test batteries which came before it.

Development of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Arithmetic Computation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Seales ◽  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
A. C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Task Definition ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Arithmetic Computation

A paper-and-pencil test of simple arithmetic ability was exceptionally well suited for inclusion in a battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER). Mean performance stabilized after nine days of baseline testing. Variance was constant throughout 15 days of baseline testing. “Task definition” was high, and “differential stability” was present from the outset. Subjects apparently came to this test with well established differential levels of arithmetic ability.

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Bibliography

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Harbeson ◽  
A. C. Bittner ◽  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
R. C. Carter ◽  
M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Equipment Design ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Vehicle Motion

Listed are 90 reports of the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Program. Conducted from 1977 to 1982, the programs' purpose was to develop a test battery for use in repeated measures investigations of environmental effects on human performance, e.g., vehicle motion, toxic substances, aging, etc. The battery also has applications to training, selection, and research on equipment design. The PETER Program concentrated on selecting tests which remained stable with repeated measurements, as environmental research usually involves testing before, during, and after exposure. Stability of the means, variances, and intertrial correlations ensures that simple analyses may be applied with minimal complications and without difficulties of attribution of effect. Over 80 measures were evaluated, 30% were found suitable for repeated measures applications, 20% were acceptable for limited use, and 50% could not be recommended. The unsuitability of many tasks brings into question the validity of portions of the literature on environmental effects. The reports describe program rationale, development of statistical methodology, and stable tasks. PETER reports are available from published sources, authors, or the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory.

Development of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Time Estimation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Mc Cauley ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Time Estimation Task

A time-estimation task was considered for inclusion in the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) battery. As part of this consideration, the effects of repeated testing on the reliability of time judgments were studied. The method of production was used to estimate eight time intervals. Five trials per day at each interval were administered individually to each of 19 subjects for 15 consecutive workdays. Two scores, constant error and variable error, were reported. The effect of days was not significant for constant error and was moderate for variable error ( p < .04). The standard deviations were relatively stable across trials. A pronounced decline in reliability over repeated days of testing was found for both errors. It was concluded that this time-estimation test would be a poor candidate for inclusion in PETER, but further research is warranted because of the potential unique contribution of a time-estimation task in a performance test battery.

Development of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER): Time Estimation Test

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. McCauley ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Time Estimation Task ◽  
Repeated Test

A time estimation task was considered for inclusion in the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) battery. As part of this consideration the effects of repeated testing on the reliability of time judgments, using the method of production, was studied. Forty trials per day were administered individually to each of 19 subjects for 15 consecutive weekdays. Descriptive statistics are reported and the need for knowledge about the reliability coefficient over repeated test administrations in the context of performance testing in exotic environments is discussed.

Item Recognition as a Performance Evaluation Test for Environmental Research

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Carter ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Environment ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Fourth Session

Item Recognition (Sternberg, 1966) is a task which reflects the operation of human memory. This task was considered as a candidate for use in a battery of Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER). Environmental research involves comparison of performances in a baseline environment and in a novel environment. It is desirable that scores be stable at different occasions in the baseline environment, so that changes due to the novel environment will be clear if they occur. It was found that item recognition results were similar to those obtained by other investigations, although the traditional item recognition score (slope) was unreliable across repeated measurements. The response time (RT) was stable for each of the four memory set sizes (1, 2, 3 & 4 items), from the standpoint of reliability, after the fourth session.

Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Critical Tracking Test

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Damos ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Mary M. Harbeson ◽  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Total Stability

A critical tracking test was considered for inclusion in the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Battery which was designed for use in unusual environments. Baseline measures were obtained by testing 18 subjects for 14 consecutive days. Mean performances increased but standard deviations were constant over the 14 days. Test-retest reliabilities improved over the first 8 days after which differential stability was seen. The implications for the use of this test in exotic environments are discussed. The critical tracking test is recommended as a good candidate for environmental research when practiced to total stability.

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