Gender differences in claimed vs. Behavioral self-handicapping: Evidence for revised individual difference measures

Gender Differences in English Proficiency among Early, Middle and Late Immersion Undergraduate Students: The Role of Individual Difference Factors

Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching ◽

10.18844/gjflt.v8i1.3433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 29-42

Author(s):

Olusiji Lasekan

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Second Language ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

English Proficiency ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Confidence

AbstractA number of s tudies conducted a cross di fferent levels of educa tion ha ve reported tha t female learners’ capa city to lea rn second language successfull y is hi gher than male lea rners ’. However, few wri ters ha ve been able to question and investi gate the effects of di fferent levels of immersions and va rious indi vidual fa ctors on male a nd female lea rners ’ English proficiency at uni versity level . The aim of this study is to exa mine how gender differences in English profi ciency is influenced by individu al di fference fa ctors among ea rl y, middle and late immersion undergradua te students . Both quali tati ve and quanti tati ve methods were used in i nves tiga ting 221 undergraduate s tudents from va rious colleges in the ci ty of Gulba rga , India. The resul ts reveal tha t the female lea rner’s hi gher English proficien cy compa red wi th the male learners’ is pa rtl y caused by their s tronger a tti tude towa rd English langua ge educa tion and self -confidence to lea rn the langua ge successfull y. Implica tions of the resul ts and future research di rections a re also presented.

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Gender Differences in the Navigation of Electronic Worlds

Encyclopedia of Gender and Information Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-815-4.ch089 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 577-582

Author(s):

Sharon McDonald ◽

Lynne Humphries

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Design Process ◽

Information Spaces ◽

Graphical Interfaces ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Visualization Techniques

Recent developments in visualization techniques coupled with the widespread use of complex graphical interfaces, frequently designed to meet the needs of a perceived homogenous set of ideal users, have served to highlight the gap between what an interface demands of its user and the user’s actual capabilities (Hindmarch & McDonald, 2006). Consequently, if we are to be able to develop more usable interfaces, then a consideration of individual differences in interaction becomes increasingly important. The most fundamental individual difference of all is that of gender, yet surprisingly it is often the most overlooked. In this article, it is argued that if we are to develop more usable interfaces then individual differences such as gender are not factors that may be considered in the design process, but factors that must be considered. The issue of navigation in virtual and information spaces will be used as a vehicle for this discussion.

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Gender Differences in the Navigation of Electronic Worlds

Information Security and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch175 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 2634-2640

Author(s):

Sharon McDonald ◽

Lynne Humphries

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Design Process ◽

Information Spaces ◽

Graphical Interfaces ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Visualization Techniques

Recent developments in visualization techniques coupled with the widespread use of complex graphical interfaces, frequently designed to meet the needs of a perceived homogenous set of ideal users, have served to highlight the gap between what an interface demands of its user and the user’s actual capabilities (Hindmarch & McDonald, 2006). Consequently, if we are to be able to develop more usable interfaces, then a consideration of individual differences in interaction becomes increasingly important. The most fundamental individual difference of all is that of gender, yet surprisingly it is often the most overlooked. In this article, it is argued that if we are to develop more usable interfaces then individual differences such as gender are not factors that may be considered in the design process, but factors that must be considered. The issue of navigation in virtual and information spaces will be used as a vehicle for this discussion.

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Hurt Feelings in Women: The Interaction of Social and Individual Difference Factors

Journal of Relationships Research ◽

10.1017/jrr.2015.12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Jodie L. Burchell ◽

Alexandra Gorelik ◽

Ross B. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Previous Literature ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Future Directions ◽

Hurt Feelings ◽

Current Article ◽

The Impact ◽

Intensity Study

Research into the causes of hurt feelings has generally examined the impact of single predictors. The current article builds on previous literature by examining the interactive effects of several key elements of hurtful events in predicting the intensity of hurt. Two studies using community samples of women examined interactions between the type of hurtful event, the importance of the perpetrator, and victim hurt-proneness in predicting variance in hurt intensity. Study 1 (n = 475) used a series of scenarios as the hurtful stimulus while Study 2 (n = 380) used a number of recalled hurtful events. Both studies replicated previous bivariate relationships between perpetrator importance and hurt-proneness and the intensity of hurt, while the first study also demonstrated a significant effect for type of hurtful event. Both studies also found a significant three-way interaction between these variables, indicating that victim hurt-proneness only predicted the intensity of hurt at lower levels of event severity and perpetrator importance. It is concluded that the experience of hurt is multidimensional and contextual. Future directions for research involving gender differences and interventions for individuals and couples are discussed.

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Understanding Distress: An Examination of the Role of Stereotype Threat in Vigilance Tasks

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 1541-1544

Author(s):

Lindsay Rice ◽

Eric T. Greenlee

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Stereotype Threat ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Stereotype ◽

Workplace Environments ◽

Practical Implications

Vigilance tasks are known to be stressful and highly practical tasks present in many workplace environments. Research has examined ways to alleviate this stress but has often failed to include individual difference characteristics that might increase stress. The current research examined potential gender differences in stress after completing a vigilance task. Participants completed a questionnaire pre- and post-task measuring worry, engagement, and distress (Matthews et al., 1999) for a vigilance task. Results showed that women reported more distress after the vigilance task when reminded of a negative stereotype about their gender. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for research examining distress during vigilance tasks, as well as considerations for future research.

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