The link between depressive symptoms and guilt induction, and the subsequent effects on partner accommodation and tolerance of intimate partner violence

<p>Guilt induction is a behaviour involving exaggeration of hurt feelings to elicit guilt in an intimate partner, and thus elicit a reassuring and loving response. This thesis investigates whether greater depressive symptoms are linked with use of low level, everyday guilt induction. We also examine the possibility that guilt induction elicits commitment-driven maintenance behaviour from partners, including accommodation (e.g., smiling, providing encouragement) but also increased tolerance for intimate partner violence. We tested a mediation model in which higher depressive symptoms predicted greater of guilt induction, which in turn predicted greater partner accommodation (Study 1) and tolerance of intimate partner violence (Study 2). We assessed observer-coded guilt induction behaviours in a dyadic study (Study 1; 152 couples) and experiences of partner guilt induction in self-report questionnaires (Study 2; 217 individuals). Depressive symptoms predicted greater use of guilt induction (Study 1), and perceptions of partner’s depressive symptoms predicted more experiences of partner guilt induction (Study 2), suggesting that individuals higher in depressive symptoms experience insecurities consistent with motivations to guilt induce. Guilt induction predicted greater use of immediate partner accommodation (Study 1), and experiences of guilt induction predicted greater tolerance for one of four forms of intimate partner violence (Study 2). This suggests that guilt induction elicits accommodation of negative behaviours, including tolerance of certain types of intimate partner violence. An additional analysis highlighted a change in partner behaviour from increased accommodation when guilt induction initially occurred, to relatively decreased accommodation at the following time point, 30 seconds later (Study 1). This research supports and expands on prior theory suggesting people higher in depressive symptomology tend to use strategies to gain reassurance and care that can ultimately backfire.</p>

The link between depressive symptoms and guilt induction, and the subsequent effects on partner accommodation and tolerance of intimate partner violence

<p>Guilt induction is a behaviour involving exaggeration of hurt feelings to elicit guilt in an intimate partner, and thus elicit a reassuring and loving response. This thesis investigates whether greater depressive symptoms are linked with use of low level, everyday guilt induction. We also examine the possibility that guilt induction elicits commitment-driven maintenance behaviour from partners, including accommodation (e.g., smiling, providing encouragement) but also increased tolerance for intimate partner violence. We tested a mediation model in which higher depressive symptoms predicted greater of guilt induction, which in turn predicted greater partner accommodation (Study 1) and tolerance of intimate partner violence (Study 2). We assessed observer-coded guilt induction behaviours in a dyadic study (Study 1; 152 couples) and experiences of partner guilt induction in self-report questionnaires (Study 2; 217 individuals). Depressive symptoms predicted greater use of guilt induction (Study 1), and perceptions of partner’s depressive symptoms predicted more experiences of partner guilt induction (Study 2), suggesting that individuals higher in depressive symptoms experience insecurities consistent with motivations to guilt induce. Guilt induction predicted greater use of immediate partner accommodation (Study 1), and experiences of guilt induction predicted greater tolerance for one of four forms of intimate partner violence (Study 2). This suggests that guilt induction elicits accommodation of negative behaviours, including tolerance of certain types of intimate partner violence. An additional analysis highlighted a change in partner behaviour from increased accommodation when guilt induction initially occurred, to relatively decreased accommodation at the following time point, 30 seconds later (Study 1). This research supports and expands on prior theory suggesting people higher in depressive symptomology tend to use strategies to gain reassurance and care that can ultimately backfire.</p>

ICU nurses’ experiences of feeling hurt by medical personnel

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of nurses who have suffered from hurt feelings in their relationships with medical personnel in intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: Data were collected from May 2019 to August 2020 through individual in-depth interviews with 8 ICU nurses. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using the MAXQDA program, employing a phenomenological method designed by Colaizzi.Results: Four theme clusters and nine themes were identified. The themes cluster that emerged were as follows: high-handedness from a lack of understanding and consideration, not being respected as a professional, having to endure sadness alone, and strategies for accepting pain.Conclusion: In ICUs, nurses are being emotionally wounded, resulting in a variety of hurt feelings, not only by doctors, but also by other nurses. Nurses were heavy-hearted because they wanted the participants to do their part and care for critically ill patients proficiently. However, they did not treat ICU nurses as specialized professionals. The participating nurses said they felt pressure, fear, and intimidated. In addition, they felt lonely because their head nurses, seniors, or colleagues did not protect or support them. This study helped develop a program to decrease the nurses’ emotional distress and create a safe work environment where they respected and cared for each other without undergoing anguish.

Developing a Coding System for Sulking Behavior in Young Children

Children’s sulking behavior is a salient yet understudied emotional phenomenon. It has been hypothesized to result from hurt feelings, humiliation, and anger, and might thus function as a nonverbal measure in the behavioral studies of these emotions. We conducted three studies that served to develop a comprehensive coding system for children’s sulking behavior. The first study explored sulking features in an online survey that used parental and teacher reports. In an event-based parental diary study, we reevaluated the importance of each feature based on its frequency across episodes of sulking behavior and analyzed the time course of sulking episodes. Finally, we analyzed YouTube videos and demonstrated that the coding system could be reliably applied. We also determined a minimal number of necessary features as a classification threshold. The resulting coding system includes the following features: becoming silent, distancing, turning away, gaze avoidance, crossing arms, lowering head, pouting lips, lowered eyebrows, and, probably, utterances of illegitimate devaluation, and relational distancing. Thus, all varieties of sulking seem to have withdrawal from an ongoing interaction in common.

Moral Risk

This chapter examines the connections between thought and harm from an ex ante perspective. It asks whether the antecedent risk that a given belief, attitude, or fantasy will have a harmful impact on another is ever high enough to render that thought impermissible. The kinds of harms that are discussed include the frustration of others’ private desires, the infliction of offense and hurt feelings, and various forms of economic and physical damage. The chapter’s conclusion is that while the risks that are posed by some thoughts approach the permissibility threshold, none actually crosses the line.

More than hurt feelings: The wear and tear of day-to-day discrimination in adults with chronic pain

Objective To examine the extent to which self-reported experiences of discrimination are associated with pain interference among men and women with chronic non-cancer pain. Methods Data are from the Study of Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher Cohort. The analytic sample consisted of 207 adults with chronic pain (54.2 ± 12.8 years; 53.6% female) who completed the Major Experiences of Discrimination and Everyday Discrimination scales. Regression analyses examined cross-sectional relations between discrimination and pain interference. Results On average, the level of pain interference was moderate in the sample (M = 3.46, SD = 2.66; observed range 0 - 10). Approximately a third of respondents reported at least one major discriminatory event in their lifetime, while 22% reported 3 or more discriminatory lifetime events. Everyday discrimination scores averaged 14.19 ± 5.46 (observed range 0 - 33). Adjusting for sociodemographics, physical health, cognitive and psychological factors, social isolation, and loneliness, everyday discrimination was associated with increased pain interference (B = .099; 95% confidence interval [CI], .02 to .17). Conclusion These findings add weight to the importance of day-to-day experiences of interpersonal discrimination by documenting independent associations with functional interference in adults with chronic pain.

Senses of place in Lawas Maspati Village Community at Surabaya: Exploration study towards physical, social, and cultural factors

The Lawas Maspati village in the Surabaya urban area has relics such as historical areas, ancient buildings with colonial architectural styles, and community cultural traditions such as the mutual cooperation attribute, cangkrukan (gathering), and local wisdom (culinary, craft SME). The efforts towards maintaining the heritage buildings and adapting to cultural dynamics as well as the local wisdom make Lawas Maspati Village a life diorama which allows a person to have a sense of place towards the village. This study was conducted to explore the sense of place in the Lawas Maspati Village community through physical, social, and cultural factors through the use of a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and field documentation from respondents selected through a purposive sampling method using individuals that have lived for more than 20 years and aged over 40 years old. The results showed the sense of place in Lawas Maspati Village community was formed by physical, social, and cultural factors including the ancient colonial-style buildings, historical areas, historical memories in the struggle period through cultural heritage areas, mutual cooperation, mutual respect, cangkrukan tradition, friendly characteristics of Arek Suroboyo such as tolerance, openness, busyness but friendliness without hurt feelings, traditional culinary, and religious traditions.

Experiences of Women with Male Factor Infertility under In Vitro Fertilization

Purpose: This study attempts to explore the experiences of infertility among women with male factor infertility. Methods: From April to July 2018, nine women with experience of male factor infertility and assistant reproductive technology were interviewed. The transcribed data were qualitatively analyzed to identify major themes and sub-themes representing participants’ experiences with male factor infertility. Results: The analysis indicated that the women’s infertility experiences were structured into five theme clusters: “Difficult to accept the situation”, “Confused inside”, “Destroyed relationships due to blaming and anger”, “Desire social support”, and “Embracing hurt feelings and regaining strength”. Conclusions: Intervention programs are needed to closely investigate the psychological status of women with male factor infertility and help with their physical and psychological well-being. Efforts to address infertility through effective governmental support for infertility, a strategy for promoting the social recognition of infertility, and the health professional’s persistent interest and collaboration, are discussed.